Labarai

A cikin gwaje-gwajen yau da kullun, ban da daidaitattun sigogin kayan aikin kanta, kun taɓa yin la'akari da tasirin ma'aunin samfurin akan sakamakon gwajin? Wannan labarin zai haɗu da ƙa'idodi da ƙayyadaddun lokuta don ba da wasu shawarwari kan girman girman wasu kayan gama gari.

1.Nawa ne kuskuren auna girman samfurin ya shafi sakamakon gwajin?

Na farko, yaya girman kuskuren dangi ya haifar da kuskuren. Misali, don kuskuren 0.1mm iri ɗaya, don girman 10mm, kuskuren shine 1%, kuma ga girman 1mm, kuskuren shine 10%;

Na biyu, nawa tasirin girman ke da shi akan sakamakon. Don dabarar ƙididdige ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, nisa yana da tasiri na farko akan sakamakon, yayin da kauri yana da sakamako na biyu akan sakamakon. Lokacin da kuskuren dangi ya kasance daidai, kauri yana da tasiri mafi girma akan sakamakon.
Misali, daidaitaccen nisa da kauri na samfurin gwajin lanƙwasawa sune 10mm da 4mm bi da bi, da kuma lanƙwasawa modules ne 8956MPa. Lokacin da ainihin girman samfurin shine shigarwa, nisa da kauri sune 9.90mm da 3.90mm bi da bi, yanayin lanƙwasawa ya zama 9741MPa, haɓaka kusan 9%.

2.Menene aikin kayan aikin ma'auni na gama gari?

Mafi yawan kayan auna ma'aunin da aka fi sani da su a halin yanzu sun hada da micrometers, calipers, kauri ma'auni, da dai sauransu.

Matsakaicin micrometers na yau da kullun baya wuce 30mm, ƙuduri shine 1μm, kuma matsakaicin kuskuren nuni shine kusan ± (2 ~ 4) μm. Matsakaicin madaidaicin micrometers na iya kaiwa 0.1μm, kuma matsakaicin kuskuren nuni shine ± 0.5μm.

Micrometer yana da ƙimar ƙarfin ma'aunin ma'auni mai mahimmanci, kuma kowane ma'auni zai iya samun sakamakon ma'auni a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin lamba akai-akai, wanda ya dace da ma'auni na kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske.

Ma'aunin ma'auni na caliper na al'ada gabaɗaya bai wuce 300mm ba, tare da ƙudurin 0.01mm da matsakaicin kuskuren nuni na kusan ± 0.02 ~ 0.05mm. Wasu manyan calipers na iya kaiwa iyakar aunawa na 1000mm, amma kuma kuskuren zai karu.

Ƙimar ƙarfin matsawa na caliper ya dogara da aikin mai aiki. Sakamakon ma'auni na mutum ɗaya gabaɗaya ya tabbata, kuma za a sami ɗan bambanci tsakanin sakamakon awo na mutane daban-daban. Ya dace da ma'aunin ma'auni na kayan aiki mai wuya da ma'aunin ma'auni na wasu manyan kayan laushi masu girma.

Tafiya, daidaito, da ƙudurin ma'aunin kauri gabaɗaya suna kama da na mitoci. Hakanan waɗannan na'urori suna ba da matsa lamba akai-akai, amma ana iya daidaita matsa lamba ta canza nauyin da ke saman. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan na'urori sun dace don auna kayan laushi.

3.Yadda za a zabi kayan aiki na kayan aiki masu dacewa?

Makullin zaɓi kayan aikin auna ma'auni shine tabbatar da cewa ana iya samun wakilci da sakamakon gwaji mai maimaitawa. Abu na farko da ya kamata mu yi la'akari da shi shine ma'auni na asali: kewayon da daidaito. Bugu da kari, kayan auna ma'aunin da aka saba amfani da su kamar micrometers da calipers sune kayan auna lamba. Don wasu siffofi na musamman ko samfurori masu laushi, ya kamata mu kuma yi la'akari da tasirin siffar bincike da karfin lamba. A zahiri, ƙa'idodi da yawa sun gabatar da buƙatu masu dacewa don kayan auna ma'auni: ISO 16012: 2015 ya nuna cewa don allurar gyare-gyaren allura, ana iya amfani da ma'aunin kauri ko kauri na micrometer don auna girman da kauri na samfuran allura; don samfuran injuna, ana iya amfani da ma'aunin ƙira da na'urorin aunawa marasa lamba. Don sakamakon auna ma'auni na <10mm, daidaito dole ne ya kasance tsakanin ± 0.02mm, kuma don sakamakon auna girman ≥10mm, daidaiton buƙatu shine ± 0.1mm. GB/T 6342 yana ƙayyadad da hanyar auna ma'auni don robobin kumfa da roba. Ga wasu samfurori, ana ba da izinin micrometers da calipers, amma amfani da micrometers da calipers yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun samfurin don kauce wa yin amfani da samfurin ga manyan runduna, wanda ya haifar da sakamakon da ba daidai ba. Bugu da ƙari, don samfurori tare da kauri na ƙasa da 10mm, ma'auni kuma yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da micrometer, amma yana da ƙayyadaddun buƙatu don damuwa na lamba, wanda shine 100 ± 10Pa.

GB/T 2941 yana ƙayyadad da hanyar ma'auni don samfuran roba. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ga samfurori tare da kauri na kasa da 30mm, misali yana ƙayyade cewa siffar binciken shine ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar madauwari mai ma'ana tare da diamita na 2mm ~ 10mm. Don samfurori tare da taurin ≥35 IRHD, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi shine 22 ± 5kPa, kuma don samfurori tare da taurin kasa da 35 IRHD, nauyin da aka yi amfani da shi shine 10 ± 2kPa.

4.Wane kayan aikin aunawa za a iya ba da shawarar ga wasu kayan yau da kullun?

A. Don samfurori na filastik filastik, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da micrometer don auna nisa da kauri;

B. Don samfurori masu tasiri, ana iya amfani da micrometer ko ma'aunin kauri tare da ƙuduri na 1μm don aunawa, amma radius na baka a kasan binciken kada ya wuce 0.10mm;

C. Don samfuran fina-finai, an ba da shawarar kauri mai kauri tare da ƙuduri mafi kyau fiye da 1μm don auna kauri;

D. Don samfurori na roba na roba, ana bada shawarar ma'auni mai kauri don auna kauri, amma ya kamata a kula da yankin bincike da kaya;

E. Don kayan kumfa na bakin ciki, ana ba da shawarar ma'auni mai kauri don auna kauri.

5. Baya ga zaɓin kayan aiki, menene wasu la'akari da ya kamata a yi yayin auna ma'auni?

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da matsayin ma'auni na wasu samfurori don wakiltar ainihin girman samfurin.

Alal misali, don allura mai lankwasa splines, za a yi wani daftarin kwana da bai wuce 1 ° a gefen spline, don haka kuskure tsakanin matsakaicin da mafi m nisa dabi'u iya isa 0.14mm.

Bugu da ƙari, samfuran da aka ƙera allura za su sami raguwar thermal, kuma za a sami babban bambanci tsakanin aunawa a tsakiya da kuma a gefen samfurin, don haka ma'auni masu dacewa kuma za su ƙayyade matsayin ma'aunin. Misali, ISO 178 yana buƙatar matsayin auna girman samfurin shine ± 0.5mm daga tsakiyar kauri, kuma matsayin kauri shine ± 3.25mm daga tsakiyar layin nisa.

Baya ga tabbatar da cewa an auna ma'aunin daidai, ya kamata kuma a kula don hana kurakuran da ke haifar da kurakuran shigar da mutane.