ʻO ke aniau a me ke kaiapuni

①Temperature (-73 ~ 180 ℃): ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kaʻa uila, ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana o ka mahana, ka haʻalulu wela, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e nānā i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā huahana uila (mau mea) i kahi wela a i ʻole ke anuanu, a nānā. inā paha e pōʻino ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia paha kāna hana. E hoʻohana i nā keʻena hoʻāʻo wela e hoʻāʻo iā lākou.

②Ka wela haʻahaʻa (-73 ~ 180, 10% ~ 98% RH): kiʻekiʻe-mehana kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e nānā i ka mālama a me ka hana hana o nā huahana uila. (mea waiwai) i loko o ka mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a nānā inā e pōʻino ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a i ʻole kāna hana.

Ke kaomi (pa): 300,000, 50,000, 10000, 5000, 2000, 1300, 1060, 840, 700, 530, 300, 200; e nānā i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o nā huahana uila (mau mea) i loko o kahi ʻano kaomi ʻokoʻa, a nānā inā e pōʻino ka ʻāpana hoʻāʻo a i ʻole kāna hana.

④ ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ua (IPx1~IPX9K): hoʻohālikelike i nā pae ʻokoʻa o ka ua, e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana hōʻoia ʻana o ka ua. Hana ʻia ke keʻena hoʻāʻo ua ua.

⑤ Ke one a me ka lepo (IP 5x ip6x): e hoʻohālike i ke one a me ka lepo lepo, e hoʻoholo i ka hana hōʻoia lepo o ka pūpū hāpana, a nānā i ka hana o ka hāpana i ka wā a ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka lepo one.

Ka ho'āʻo kaiapuni kemika

①Ka noe paʻakai: Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana wai chloride i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa. Hiki i ka ʻohu paʻakai ke hele hohonu mai ke kai a hiki i 30-50 kilomita ma kahakai me ka makani. ʻO ka nui o ka sedimentation ma nā moku a me nā mokupuni hiki ke piʻi ma mua o 5 ml / cm2 i kēlā me kēia lā. E hoʻohana i ke keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻo ka noe paʻakai e hana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka noe paʻakai no ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakai paʻakai o nā mea metala, nā uhi metala, nā pena, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o nā mea uila.

②Ozone: He pōʻino ka Ozone i nā huahana uila. Hoʻohālikelike ka keʻena hoʻāʻo ozone a hoʻoikaika i nā kūlana o ka ozone, e aʻo i nā hopena o ka ozone ma luna o ka lāʻau, a laila lawe i nā hana anti-old maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola o nā huahana lāʻau.

③Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen, and oxides: Ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana kemika, me nā mines, fertilizers, lāʻau lapaʻau, rubber, etc., he nui nā kinoea corrosive i ka ea, ʻo nā mea nui o ia ka sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, a me nitrogen oxide, etc. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hana i nā kinoea ʻakika a me ka alkaline ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa a hōʻino i nā huahana uila like ʻole.

Hoʻāʻo kaiapuni mīkini

①Vibration: ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana haʻalulu maoli. He haʻalulu sinusoidal maʻalahi paha ia, a i ʻole he haʻalulu paʻakikī, a i ʻole he haʻalulu sine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka haʻalulu. Hoʻohana mākou i nā keʻena hoʻāʻo vibration e hana i ka hoʻāʻo.

②Ka hopena a me ka hui ʻana: Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā huahana uila e ka hui ʻana i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, nā mea hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo no ia.

③Ka hoʻāʻo hāʻule manuahi: E hāʻule nā ​​huahana uila ma muli o ka mālama ʻole i ka wā hoʻohana a me ka lawe ʻana.