Nkhani

Njira yapadera yogwiritsira ntchito, pambuyo pa kuyesedwa, nduna imabwerera kutentha kutentha kuti iteteze katunduyo poyesedwa

Kuyang'anira mavidiyo a netiweki osinthika, olumikizidwa ndi kuyesa kwa data

Control system kukonza chikumbutso chodziwikiratu ndi ntchito yopangira zolakwika za pulogalamu

Chojambula chamtundu wa 32-bit control system E Ethernet E management, UCB data access function

Makina owuma owuma opangidwa mwapadera kuti ateteze chinthucho poyesedwa kuti chisasinthe mwachangu chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa pamwamba

Makampani otsika chinyezi osiyanasiyana 20 ℃/10% kuwongolera luso

Wokhala ndi makina opangira madzi okha, makina osefa amadzi oyera ndi ntchito yokumbutsa za kuchepa kwa madzi

Kumanani ndi kuwunika kupsinjika kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, njira yopanda kutsogolera, MIL-STD-2164, MIL-344A-4-16, MIL-2164A-19, NABMAT-9492, GJB-1032-90, GJB/Z34-5.1. 6, IPC -9701...ndi zina zofunika mayeso. Zindikirani: Njira yoyesera yofananira ya kutentha ndi chinyezi imatengera kuyeza kogwira mtima kwa mtunda pakati pa bokosi lamkati ndi mbali iliyonse 1/10 (GB5170.18-87)

Pogwira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza kupsinjika kwamagetsi monga voteji ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi, kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe kumaphatikizanso kutentha ndi kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, kugwedezeka kwamakina ndi kugwedezeka, chinyezi ndi kupopera mchere, kusokoneza kwa magetsi, etc. kupsinjika kwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, chinthucho chikhoza kukumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito, kutengeka kwa magawo, dzimbiri, ndi zina zambiri, kapena kulephera.

Zogulitsa zamagetsi zikapangidwa, kuchokera pakuwunika, zowerengera, zoyendera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi kukonza, zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zakuthupi, zamakina, zamakina ndi zamagetsi zisinthe mosalekeza. Njira yosinthira ikhoza kukhala yocheperako kapena Yosakhalitsa, zimadalira kwathunthu mtundu wa kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe komanso kukula kwa kupsinjika.

Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumatanthauza kutentha kwa chinthu chamagetsi pamene chikugwira ntchito kapena kusungidwa kumalo ena otentha. Kutentha koyankhira kupitilira malire omwe chinthucho chingathe kupirira, chinthucho sichingagwire ntchito mkati mwa magawo amagetsi omwe atchulidwa, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zinthuzo zikhale zofewa komanso kufooketsa kapena kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito, kapena kuwotcha chifukwa. kutenthedwa. Kwa mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amawonekera kutentha kwakukulu panthawiyi. Kupsinjika, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kulephera kwazinthu pakanthawi kochepa; pamene kutentha kwayankho sikudutsa kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chinthucho, zotsatira za kupanikizika kwa kutentha kwanthawi zonse zimawonetsedwa ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali. Kutengera kwa nthawi kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zizikalamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo magawo amagetsi akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena osauka, zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kulephera kwazinthu. Kwa mankhwalawa, kupanikizika kwa kutentha pa nthawi ino ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwanthawi zonse komwe kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zamagetsi kumachokera ku kutentha komwe kumapezeka pamtengowo komanso kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi mphamvu yake yokha. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dongosolo la kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa zipangizo, kutentha kwa chigawocho kudzapitirira malire apamwamba a kutentha kovomerezeka. Chigawocho chimawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Kupsyinjika: Pansi pa nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito ya kutentha kwa malo osungiramo zinthu, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuthekera kwa kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa zinthu zamagetsi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndikudutsa mayeso ophika kutentha kwambiri, ndipo moyo wautumiki wazinthu zamagetsi pansi pa kutentha kwanthawi yayitali ukhoza kuwunikiridwa kudzera mu mayeso okhazikika amoyo (kuthamanga kwambiri).

Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumatanthauza kuti pamene zinthu zamagetsi zili mu kutentha kwa kutentha, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ma coefficients owonjezera kutentha kwa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito za mankhwala, mawonekedwe azinthu amakumana ndi vuto la kutentha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Pamene kutentha kumasintha kwambiri, mankhwalawa akhoza kuphulika nthawi yomweyo ndikulephera pa mawonekedwe a zinthu. Panthawiyi, mankhwalawa amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kapena kutentha kwa kutentha; pamene kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira za kusintha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumawonetseredwa kwa nthawi yaitali Mawonekedwe azinthu akupitirizabe kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ndipo kuwonongeka kwazing'ono kumatha kuchitika m'madera ena ang'onoang'ono. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachulukana pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake kumatsogolera ku mawonekedwe azinthu zakuthupi kusweka kapena kutayika. Panthawi imeneyi, mankhwalawa amawonekera kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kupsinjika kosinthika kapena kupsinjika kwa njinga zamoto. Kusintha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha komwe zinthu zamagetsi zimapirira zimachokera ku kusintha kwa kutentha kwa malo omwe mankhwalawo amapezeka komanso kusintha kwake. Mwachitsanzo, mukamasuntha kuchokera m'nyumba yotentha kupita kunja kozizira, pansi pa cheza champhamvu cha dzuwa, mvula yadzidzidzi kapena kumizidwa m'madzi, kutentha kwachangu kumasintha kuchokera pansi kupita kumalo okwera ndege, ntchito zapakatikati m'malo ozizira, kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. kumbuyo dzuwa mu danga Pankhani ya kusintha, reflow soldering ndi rework ma modules microcircuit, mankhwala akukumana ndi kutentha mantha nkhawa; zida zimayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo kwa kutentha kwanyengo, nyengo zogwirira ntchito, kusintha kwa kutentha kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito pawokha, komanso kusintha kwa voliyumu yolumikizirana. Pankhani ya kusinthasintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu, mankhwalawa amakumana ndi kupsinjika kwa njinga yamoto. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamafuta kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kukana kwa zinthu zamagetsi zikasintha kwambiri kutentha, ndipo kuyesa kozungulira kutentha kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa kusinthika kwazinthu zamagetsi kuti zigwire ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pakusintha kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotsika. .

2. Kupsinjika kwamakina

Kupsinjika kwamakina kwazinthu zamagetsi kumaphatikizapo kupsinjika kwamitundu itatu: kugwedezeka kwamakina, kugwedezeka kwamakina, komanso kuthamanga kosalekeza (centrifugal force).

Kupsyinjika kwamakina kumatanthawuza mtundu wa kupsinjika kwamakina komwe kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimabwereranso mozungulira malo ena ofanana mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zakunja zachilengedwe. Kugwedezeka kwamakina kumagawidwa kukhala kugwedezeka kwaulere, kugwedezeka kokakamiza, ndi kugwedezeka kodzisangalatsa malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa; malinga ndi lamulo la kayendetsedwe ka makina ogwedezeka, pali kugwedezeka kwa sinusoidal ndi kugwedezeka kwachisawawa. Mitundu iwiriyi ya kugwedezeka ili ndi mphamvu zosiyana zowononga pa mankhwala, pamene zotsirizirazi ndizowononga. Chachikulu, kotero kuwunika kochuluka kwa kugwedezeka kumatengera kuyesa kwachisawawa kugwedezeka. Mphamvu ya kugwedezeka kwamakina pazinthu zamagetsi kumaphatikizapo kusintha kwazinthu, kupindika, ming'alu, ming'alu, ndi zina zotere chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Zogulitsa zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwanthawi yayitali zimapangitsa kuti zida zamawonekedwe apangidwe zisokonezeke chifukwa cha kutopa komanso kutopa kwamakina; Zikachitika Resonance imabweretsa kulephera kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwamapangidwe azinthu zamagetsi. Kupsinjika kwamakina azinthu zamagetsi kumachokera kuzinthu zamakina zomwe zimagwirira ntchito, monga kusinthasintha, kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe za ndege, magalimoto, zombo, magalimoto apamlengalenga ndi zida zamakina apansi, makamaka pamene chinthucho chimanyamulidwa. m'boma losagwira ntchito Ndipo ngati gawo lokwera galimoto kapena ndege likugwira ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, ndizosapeŵeka kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina kugwedezeka. Kuyesa kwamakina kugwedezeka (makamaka kugwedezeka kwachisawawa) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika kusinthika kwa zinthu zamagetsi kuti zizitha kugwedezeka mobwerezabwereza panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kupsinjika kwamakina kumatanthawuza mtundu wa kupsinjika kwamakina komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwachindunji pakati pa chinthu chamagetsi ndi chinthu china (kapena gawo) mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe zakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamphamvu, kusamuka, kuthamanga kapena kuthamangitsa Pokhala ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, chinthucho chimatha kumasula ndikutumiza mphamvu zambiri munthawi yochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri chinthucho, monga kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwamagetsi, kutseguka / kufupika pompopompo, kusweka ndi kusweka. za dongosolo la phukusi losonkhana, etc. Mosiyana ndi kuwonongeka kowonjezereka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwanthawi yayitali, kuwonongeka kwa kugwedezeka kwamakina kuzinthu kumawonetseredwa ngati kutulutsidwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Kukula kwa kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa makina ndikokulirapo ndipo nthawi ya kugunda kwamphamvu ndi yayifupi. Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe umayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndiye kugunda kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa ma milliseconds ochepa chabe mpaka makumi a milliseconds, ndipo kugwedezeka pambuyo pa kugunda kwakukulu kumawola mofulumira. Kukula kwa kupsinjika kwamakina kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuthamanga kwapamwamba komanso kutalika kwa kugunda kwamphamvu. Kukula kwa kuthamangitsidwa kwapamwamba kumawonetsa kukula kwa mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthucho, ndipo zotsatira za nthawi ya kugwedeza kwamphamvu pa chinthucho zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa mankhwala. zokhudzana. Kupsinjika kwamakina komwe zinthu zamagetsi zimanyamula zimachokera ku kusintha kwakukulu kwamakina a zida zamagetsi ndi zida, monga kuphulika mwadzidzidzi komanso kukhudzidwa kwa magalimoto, ma airdrops ndi madontho a ndege, zida zamoto, kuphulika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, kuphulika kwa nyukiliya, kuphulika, etc. Kukhudza kwamakina, mphamvu yadzidzidzi kapena kusuntha kwadzidzidzi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa, zoyendetsa kapena ntchito zam'munda zidzapangitsanso kuti mankhwalawa azitha kupirira. Kuyesa kwamakina kugwedezeka kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kusinthika kwa zinthu zamagetsi (monga mabwalo ozungulira) kuti zizichitika mosabwerezabwereza mukamagwiritsa ntchito komanso poyenda.

Kuthamanga kosalekeza (centrifugal force) kupsyinjika kumatanthawuza mtundu wa mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe imapangidwa ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake pamene zinthu zamagetsi zikugwira ntchito pa chonyamulira chosuntha. Mphamvu ya Centrifugal ndi mphamvu ya inertial yomwe imapangitsa kuti chinthu chozungulira chikhale kutali ndi pakati. Mphamvu ya centrifugal ndi mphamvu yapakati ndizofanana mu kukula ndi zosiyana kumbali. Pamene mphamvu yapakati yomwe imapangidwa ndi mphamvu yakunja yotuluka ndi kulunjika pakati pa bwalo ikasowa, chinthu chozungulira sichidzazunguliranso M'malo mwake, chimawulukira kumbali ya tangential ya njira yozungulira panthawiyi, ndipo chinthucho chikuwonongeka. mphindi ino. Kukula kwa mphamvu ya centrifugal kumagwirizana ndi misa, liwiro la kuyenda ndi kuthamanga (radius of rotation) ya chinthu chosuntha. Pazigawo zamagetsi zomwe sizimangiriridwa mwamphamvu, chodabwitsa cha zigawo zomwe zikuwuluka chifukwa cha kulekana kwa zida za solder zidzachitika pansi pa mphamvu ya centrifugal. Chogulitsa chalephera. Mphamvu ya centrifugal yomwe zinthu zamagetsi zimanyamula zimachokera kuzinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pazida zamagetsi ndi zida zomwe zikuyenda, monga magalimoto othamanga, ndege, maroketi, ndikusintha mayendedwe, kotero kuti zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamkati ziyenera kupirira mphamvu yapakati. kupatula mphamvu yokoka. Nthawi yochita sewero imachokera ku masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi zochepa. Kutenga roketi mwachitsanzo, pamene kusintha kwawongolera kumalizidwa, mphamvu ya centrifugal imasowa, ndipo mphamvu ya centrifugal imasintha kachiwiri ndikuchitanso, zomwe zingapangitse mphamvu ya centrifugal ya nthawi yaitali. Kuyesa kwanthawi zonse (mayeso a centrifugal) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika kulimba kwa mawonekedwe owotcherera azinthu zamagetsi, makamaka zida zazikulu zokwera pamwamba.

3. Kupsinjika kwa chinyezi

Kupanikizika kwa chinyezi kumatanthawuza kupsinjika kwa chinyezi komwe zinthu zamagetsi zimapirira zikamagwira ntchito mumlengalenga ndi chinyezi china. Zida zamagetsi zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Chinyezi cha chilengedwe chikapitilira 30% RH, zida zachitsulo zomwe zidapangidwazo zitha kukhala ndi dzimbiri, ndipo magawo amagetsi amatha kugwedezeka kapena kusauka. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa nyengo yautali wautali, kutsekemera kwa zipangizo zotetezera kumachepa pambuyo pa kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, kuchititsa maulendo afupikitsa kapena kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kwamagetsi; kukhudzana ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, monga mapulagi, zitsulo, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala zowonongeka pamene chinyezi chimalowa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa filimu ya oxide , Zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa chipangizo cholumikizira, chomwe chidzachititsa kuti dera litsekedwe pazovuta kwambiri. ; m'malo a chinyezi chambiri, chifunga kapena nthunzi yamadzi imayambitsa moto pomwe zolumikizirana zolumikizirana zidayatsidwa ndipo sizitha kugwiranso ntchito; tchipisi ta semiconductor timamva kwambiri ndi nthunzi wamadzi, kamodzi kachipangizo kakang'ono pamwamba pa nthunzi yamadzi Kuti tipewe zida zamagetsi kuti zisawonongeke ndi nthunzi yamadzi, ukadaulo wa encapsulation kapena hermetic phukusi umatengedwa kuti ulekanitse zigawo zakunja ndi kuipitsidwa. Kupsyinjika kwa chinyezi chomwe zinthu zamagetsi zimanyamula zimachokera ku chinyezi pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zipangizo komanso chinyezi chomwe chimalowa mu zigawozo. Kukula kwa kupsinjika kwa chinyezi kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha chilengedwe. Madera akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa gombe la dziko langa ndi madera omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, makamaka m'nyengo yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, pamene chinyezi chikufika pamwamba pa 90% RH, chikoka cha chinyezi ndi vuto losapeŵeka. Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zamagetsi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kusungidwa pansi pa chinyezi chambiri zitha kuyesedwa kudzera pakuyesa kutentha kwachinyontho komanso kuyesa kukana chinyezi.

4. Kupsyinjika kwa mchere wa mchere

Kupsyinjika kwa kupopera mchere kumatanthauza kupsyinjika kwa mchere pamwamba pa zinthu pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mumlengalenga wobalalika wopangidwa ndi timadontho tating'ono ta mchere tokhala ndi mchere. Chifunga cha mchere nthawi zambiri chimachokera ku nyengo ya m'nyanja komanso nyengo ya kunyanja yamchere. Zigawo zake zazikulu ndi NaCl ndi nthunzi wamadzi. Kukhalapo kwa Na + ndi C- ions ndizomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri zazitsulo. Pamene kupopera mchere kumamatira pamwamba pa insulator, kumachepetsa kukana kwake, ndipo pambuyo pa insulator kuyamwa mchere wa mchere, kukana kwake kwa voliyumu kumachepa ndi maulamuliro a 4; pamene kutsitsi mchere kumamatira pamwamba pa zosuntha makina mbali, izo ziwonjezeka chifukwa m'badwo wa corrosives. Ngati coefficient ya kukangana ikuwonjezeka, zigawo zosuntha zimatha kukhazikika; ngakhale tekinoloje ya encapsulation ndi yosindikiza mpweya imatengedwa kuti ipewe dzimbiri za tchipisi ta semiconductor, mapini akunja a zida zamagetsi mosakayikira nthawi zambiri amataya ntchito yawo chifukwa cha dzimbiri la kutsitsi; Zimbiri pa PCB akhoza yochepa dera moyandikana mawaya. Kupsyinjika kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti katundu wamagetsi azinyamula zimachokera ku mchere wa mchere mumlengalenga. M'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zombo, ndi zombo, mlengalenga muli mchere wambiri, womwe umakhudza kwambiri kuyika kwa zipangizo zamagetsi. Mayeso opopera mchere angagwiritsidwe ntchito kufulumizitsa dzimbiri la phukusi lamagetsi kuti ayese kusinthasintha kwa kukana kutsitsi kwa mchere.

5. Kupanikizika kwamagetsi

Electromagnetic stress imatanthawuza kupsinjika kwamagetsi komwe chinthu chamagetsi chimanyamula mu gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi amagetsi ndi maginito. Mphamvu yamagetsi imaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri: gawo lamagetsi ndi maginito, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amaimiridwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi E (kapena kusuntha kwamagetsi D) ndi kachulukidwe ka maginito B (kapena mphamvu ya maginito H) motsatana. M'munda wamagetsi, gawo lamagetsi ndi maginito zimagwirizana kwambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthasintha nthawi idzayambitsa mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo nthawi yosiyana ya maginito idzayambitsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Kusangalatsana kwa gawo lamagetsi ndi maginito kumapangitsa kuyenda kwa gawo la electromagnetic kupanga mafunde amagetsi. Mafunde a electromagnetic amatha kudzifalitsa okha mu vacuum kapena nkhani. Magetsi ndi maginito minda oscillate mu gawo ndipo perpendicular kwa mzake. Amayenda ngati mafunde mumlengalenga. Malo osuntha amagetsi, maginito, ndi njira yofalitsa ndi perpendicular kwa wina ndi mzake. Kuthamanga kwa mafunde amagetsi mu vacuum ndi liwiro la kuwala (3 × 10 ^ 8m/s). Nthawi zambiri, mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kusokoneza kwamagetsi ndi mafunde a wailesi ndi ma microwave. Kuchuluka kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kumapangitsanso mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Pazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi, electromagnetic interference (EMI) ya gawo la electromagnetic ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kuyanjana kwamagetsi (EMC) a gawolo. Gwero losokoneza ma elekitiroma ili limachokera ku kusokonekera kwapakati pazigawo zamkati zamagetsi ndi kusokoneza kwa zida zamagetsi zakunja. Zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamachitidwe ndi ntchito za zida zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati maginito amkati a gawo lamagetsi la DC/DC amayambitsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi pazida zamagetsi, zimakhudza mwachindunji magawo amagetsi amagetsi; Kukhudzidwa kwa ma radiation pafupipafupi pazamagetsi kumalowa mwachindunji mkati mwa chipolopolo chazinthuzo, kapena kusinthidwa kukhala Kusokoneza ndikulowa muzinthuzo. Kuthekera kwa kusokoneza kwa anti-electromagnetic kwazinthu zamagetsi kumatha kuyesedwa kudzera mu mayeso ofananira ndi ma elekitiroma ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi pafupi ndi munda.