Nkhani

Pakuyesa kwatsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonjezera pa kulondola kwa zida zomwezo, kodi munayamba mwaganizirapo momwe kuyeza kwachitsanzo kumakhudzira zotsatira za mayeso? Nkhaniyi iphatikiza miyezo ndi milandu yeniyeni kuti ipereke malingaliro pamiyeso ya kukula kwa zinthu zina wamba.

1.Kodi zolakwika pakuyesa kukula kwachitsanzo zimakhudza bwanji zotsatira za mayeso?

Choyamba, kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha cholakwikacho ndi chachikulu bwanji. Mwachitsanzo, pa zolakwika zomwezo za 0.1mm, pa kukula kwa 10mm, cholakwika ndi 1%, ndi kukula kwa 1mm, cholakwika ndi 10%;

Chachiwiri, kukula kwake kumakhudza bwanji zotsatira zake. Pachiwerengero cha mphamvu yopindika, m'lifupi mwake imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyambira, pomwe makulidwe ake amakhala ndi dongosolo lachiwiri pazotsatira. Pamene cholakwika chachibale chiri chofanana, makulidwe amakhudza kwambiri zotsatira.
Mwachitsanzo, m'lifupi mwake ndi makulidwe a mayeso opindika ndi 10mm ndi 4mm motsatana, ndipo modulus yopindika ndi 8956MPa. Pamene kukula kwenikweni kwa chitsanzo ndikulowetsa, m'lifupi ndi makulidwe ndi 9.90mm ndi 3.90mm motsatana, modulus yopindika imakhala 9741MPa, kuwonjezeka kwa pafupifupi 9%.

2.Kodi zida zoyezera kukula kwachitsanzo zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Zida zoyezera zodziwika kwambiri pakadali pano ndi ma micrometer, ma calipers, ma gauge makulidwe, ndi zina zambiri.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa ma micrometer wamba nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 30mm, kusamvana ndi 1μm, ndipo cholakwika chachikulu chimakhala pafupifupi ±(2~4)μm. Kusamvana kwa ma micrometer olondola kwambiri kumatha kufika 0.1μm, ndipo cholakwika chachikulu ndi ± 0.5μm.

The micrometer ali anamanga-nthawi zonse muyeso mphamvu mtengo, ndipo muyeso uliwonse akhoza kupeza zotsatira muyeso pansi chikhalidwe kukhudzana mosalekeza mphamvu, amene ali oyenera muyeso muyeso wa zinthu zolimba.

The kuyeza osiyanasiyana caliper ochiritsira zambiri zosaposa 300mm, ndi kusamvana 0.01mm ndi pazipita chizindikiro cholakwika za ± 0.02 ~ 0.05mm. Ma calipers ena akuluakulu amatha kufika pamtunda wa 1000mm, koma cholakwikacho chidzawonjezekanso.

Mphamvu ya clamping ya caliper imatengera ntchito ya woyendetsa. Zotsatira za kuyeza kwa munthu yemweyo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo padzakhala kusiyana kwina pakati pa zotsatira za kuyeza kwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Ndikoyenera kuyeza muyeso wazinthu zolimba komanso muyeso wazinthu zazikulu zofewa zazikuluzikulu.

Mayendedwe, kulondola, ndi kukonza kwa geji yowundana nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana ndi ya micrometer. Zidazi zimaperekanso kupanikizika kosalekeza, koma kupanikizika kungasinthidwe mwa kusintha katundu pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, zipangizozi ndizoyenera kuyeza zipangizo zofewa.

3.Momwe mungasankhire zida zoyezera zachitsanzo zoyenera?

Chofunikira pakusankha zida zoyezera mozama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zoyeserera zoyimira komanso zobwerezabwereza zitha kupezeka. Chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera kuganizira ndi magawo oyambirira: osiyanasiyana ndi kulondola. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri monga ma micrometer ndi ma caliper ndi zida zoyezera kulumikizana. Kwa mawonekedwe ena apadera kapena zitsanzo zofewa, tiyenera kuganiziranso mphamvu ya mawonekedwe a probe ndi mphamvu yolumikizana. M'malo mwake, miyezo yambiri yayika patsogolo zofunikira zofananira pazida zoyezera mozama: ISO 16012:2015 imati pamiyeso yowumbidwa jekeseni, ma micrometer kapena milingo ya makulidwe a micrometer angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a jekeseni wopangidwa ndi jekeseni; pazitsanzo zamakina, ma caliper ndi zida zoyezera osalumikizana zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Pazotsatira zoyezera mozama za <10mm, kulondola kwake kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa ± 0.02mm, ndipo pazotsatira zoyezera za ≥10mm, chofunikira cholondola ndi ± 0.1mm. GB/T 6342 imafotokoza njira yoyezera miyeso yamapulasitiki a thovu ndi mphira. Kwa zitsanzo zina, ma micrometer ndi ma calipers amaloledwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ma micrometer ndi ma calipers kumatsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa kuti chitsanzocho chisakhale ndi mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zolakwika. Komanso, zitsanzo ndi makulidwe zosakwana 10mm, muyezo amalimbikitsanso ntchito micrometer, koma ali ndi zofunika okhwima kukhudzana maganizo, amene ndi 100±10Pa.

GB/T 2941 imatchula njira yoyezera miyeso ya zitsanzo za rabara. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zitsanzo ndi makulidwe osakwana 30mm, muyezo umatanthawuza kuti mawonekedwe a kafukufukuyo ndi phazi lozungulira lathyathyathya ndi m'mimba mwake 2mm ~ 10mm. Kwa zitsanzo zolimba za ≥35 IRHD, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 22±5kPa, ndi zitsanzo zokhala ndi kuuma kosachepera 35 IRHD, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 10±2kPa.

4.Kodi zida zoyezera ziti zomwe zingalimbikitsidwe pazinthu zina wamba?

A. Pazitsanzo zamapulasitiki zolimba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito micrometer kuyeza m'lifupi ndi makulidwe;

B. Pazitsanzo zosawerengeka, ma micrometer kapena makulidwe amtundu wokhala ndi 1μm angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyezera, koma utali wa arc pansi pa kafukufuku sayenera kupitirira 0.10mm;

C. Pazitsanzo za filimu, choyezera makulidwe ndi kusamvana bwino kuposa 1μm tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza makulidwe;

D. Pazitsanzo za mphira wothamanga, mulingo wa makulidwe ukulimbikitsidwa kuyeza makulidwe, koma chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kudera la kafukufuku ndi katundu;

E. Pazinthu zowonda kwambiri za thovu, choyezera chodzipatulira cha makulidwe chikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza makulidwe.

5. Kuwonjezera pa kusankha zipangizo, ndi mfundo zina ziti zimene tiyenera kuziganizira poyeza miyeso?

Malo oyezera a zitsanzo zina ayenera kuonedwa kuti akuyimira kukula kwenikweni kwa chitsanzocho.

Mwachitsanzo, pamizere yopindika yopindika jakisoni, padzakhala ngodya yosapitilira 1 ° kumbali ya spline, ndiye kuti cholakwika pakati pa milingo yayikulu komanso yocheperako imatha kufika 0.14mm.

Kuonjezera apo, zitsanzo zopangidwa ndi jekeseni zidzakhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kuyeza pakati ndi m'mphepete mwa chitsanzo, kotero kuti miyezo yoyenera idzafotokozeranso malo oyezera. Mwachitsanzo, ISO 178 imafuna kuti muyeso wa m'lifupi mwake ukhale ± 0.5mm kuchokera pakati pa makulidwe, ndipo malo oyezera makulidwe ndi ± 3.25mm kuchokera pamzere wapakati.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwonetsetsa kuti miyeso ikuyezedwa moyenera, kuyeneranso kuchitidwa mosamala kuti tipewe zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zolowetsa anthu.