Amakuru

Ikizamini cyo kwizerwa ku bidukikije-Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru n'ubushyuhe bwo hasi Ubushyuhe bwo Gutanga Ubushyuhe

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibizamini byokwizerwa kubidukikije, harimo igipimo cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ikigereranyo cyubushyuhe buke, ikigereranyo cy’ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe nubushuhe hamwe ikizamini cyikizamini, ubushyuhe burigihe nubushuhe bwikigereranyo, ikizamini cyimihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, hamwe n’ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe bukabije. Ibikurikira, tuzasenya imikorere yikizamini kugiti cyawe.

1 “Ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru: Ni ikizamini cyizewe kigereranya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibicuruzwa mugihe cyo kubika, guteranya no gukoresha. Ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nacyo ni igihe kirekire cyihuta cyubuzima. Intego yikizamini cyo hejuru yubushyuhe ni ukumenya guhuza nigihe kirekire cyo kubika, gukoresha, nigihe kirekire cyibikoresho bya gisivili nabasivili nibice byabitswe kandi bigakorwa mubihe bisanzwe byubushyuhe. Emeza imikorere yibikoresho ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ingano yintego nyamukuru ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike, hamwe nibikoresho byabo byumwimerere, nibindi bikoresho. Gukomera kw'ikizamini biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru n'ubushyuhe buke hamwe nigihe cyo kwipimisha. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke burashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bishyuha, bigira ingaruka kumutekano no kwizerwa kubikoresha, cyangwa no kwangiza;

2 test Ikizamini cy'ubushyuhe buke: Ikigamijwe ni ukureba niba igice cy'ikizamini gishobora kubikwa no gukoreshwa mu gihe kirekire cy'ubushyuhe buke, no kumenya guhuza n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya gisirikare na gisivili mu bubiko no gukora munsi- ubushyuhe. Imiterere yumubiri na chimique yibikoresho mubushyuhe buke. Igipimo gifite ibisobanuro mbere yo gutunganya ibizamini, ikizamini cyambere cyo kugerageza, kwishyiriraho icyitegererezo, kugerageza hagati, gutunganya nyuma yikizamini, umuvuduko wo gushyushya, imiterere yubushyuhe bwa minisiteri, hamwe nubunini bwikigereranyo cyibintu byageragejwe ninama yubushyuhe, nibindi, na kunanirwa kw'ikizamini mu bihe by'ubushyuhe buke Uburyo: Ibice n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa birashobora gucika, gushiramo, gushirwa mu gice cyimukanwa, kandi bigahinduka mubiranga ubushyuhe buke;

3 test Ikizamini cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe-bushyushye: harimo igeragezwa rihoraho ryubushyuhe nubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke busimburanya ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo nikintu gikenewe mugupima mubyindege, ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho byo murugo, ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, nibindi. Byakoreshejwe mugupima no kumenya ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, ubushuhe buhindagurika, na ubushyuhe cyangwa guhora bipimisha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi bicuruzwa nibikoresho. Byahinduwe ibipimo n'imikorere. Kurugero itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yumunsi nijoro, ubuhehere butandukanye kubushyuhe butandukanye nibihe bitandukanye, nibicuruzwa binyura mubice bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye nubushuhe mugihe cyo gutwara. Ihindagurika ryubushyuhe nubushuhe bwibidukikije bizagira ingaruka kumikorere nubuzima bwibicuruzwa, kandi byihutishe gusaza kwibicuruzwa. Niba ari muri ibi bidukikije igihe kirekire, ibicuruzwa bigomba kugira imbaraga zihagije zo guhinduranya ubushyuhe nubushuhe;

4 “Ubushuhe n'ubushuhe hamwe n'ikizamini c'ikizamini: Shyira icyitegererezo ku bushyuhe bwagenwe n'ubushuhe busimburana n'ibizamini kugira ngo usuzume imikorere y'icyitegererezo nyuma yo gusiganwa ku magare cyangwa kubika mu bushyuhe n'ubushuhe bw’ibidukikije. Kubika no gukora mubicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe nubushuhe runaka, kandi bigahora bihinduka. Kurugero itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yumunsi nijoro, ubuhehere butandukanye kubushyuhe butandukanye nibihe bitandukanye, nibicuruzwa binyura mubice bifite ubushyuhe butandukanye nubushuhe mugihe cyo gutwara. Ihindagurika ryubushyuhe nubushuhe bwibidukikije bizagira ingaruka kumikorere nubuzima bwibicuruzwa, kandi byihutishe gusaza kwibicuruzwa. Ubushyuhe n'ubukonje byerekana ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwo kubika ibicuruzwa no gukora, kandi bikagenzura niba ingaruka z'ibicuruzwa nyuma yigihe runaka muri ibi bidukikije biri murwego rwemewe. Ahanini kubikoresho nibikoresho bya metero, ubwubatsi bwamashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho byimodoka na moto, ibikoresho bya shimi, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere, nibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano;

5 test Ubushuhe buhoraho nubushuhe: ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugupima imikorere yibikoresho ahantu hatandukanye no kugerageza ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya byumye, no kurwanya ubushuhe. Irakwiriye kugerageza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa nka electronics, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, terefone igendanwa, itumanaho, metero, ibinyabiziga, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike, ibyuma, ibiryo, imiti, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ikirere, nibindi birashobora kwigana ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe buke, hamwe nubushuhe bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bipimishije mubidukikije runaka Kandi ikizamini cyubushuhe. Ikizamini gihoraho nubushuhe burashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byapimwe biri munsi yubushyuhe nubushuhe;

6 “Ikizamini cy’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe: gikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga, ubuvuzi, ibikoresho, peteroli n’ubundi buryo, imashini zuzuye, ibice, gupakira, ibikoresho, kugira ngo harebwe ububiko cyangwa imirimo ijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe. Intego yikizamini cyujuje ibisabwa ni ukureba niba ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa; ikizamini cyo kunoza gikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango hamenyekane igihe kirekire kandi cyizewe kijyanye n’ibicuruzwa mu bihe by’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, kandi ikizamini cyihuta cy’ubushyuhe gikoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ihinduka ryihuse ry’ibicuruzwa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke Guhuza n’ububiko, ubwikorezi, na koresha ahantu hatandukanye ikirere. Inzira yikizamini muri rusange ifata ubushyuhe bwicyumba → ubushyuhe buke temperature ubushyuhe buke buguma → ubushyuhe bwo hejuru temperature ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugumaho temperature ubushyuhe busanzwe nkikizamini. Kugenzura imikorere iranga icyitegererezo nyuma yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe cyangwa guhoraho kwubushyuhe bwibidukikije, cyangwa imikorere yibikorwa muri ibi bidukikije. Ikigereranyo cyihuta cyubushyuhe busanzwe busobanurwa nkigipimo cyimihindagurikire yubushyuhe ≥ 3 ℃ / min, kandi inzibacyuho ikorwa hagati yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe buke. Umuvuduko wubushyuhe bwihuse, nini nini / ntoya-yubushyuhe buke, kandi umwanya muremure, niko ikizamini gikomeye. Ubushyuhe bukabije busanzwe bugira ingaruka kubice byegereye hejuru yibikoresho cyane. Kure cyane yubuso bwinyuma, buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe burahinduka kandi ntibigaragara ingaruka. Agasanduku ko gutwara, gupakira, nibindi bizagabanya kandi ingaruka ziterwa nihungabana ryibikoresho bifunze. Ubushyuhe butunguranye burashobora guhinduka byigihe gito cyangwa kirekire bigira ingaruka kumikorere yibikoresho;

7 “Ikizamini gikonje n'ubushyuhe: cyane cyane kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibice bya mashini, n'ibice by'imodoka. Ikizamini cyo gutwika amashyuza kigenzura cyane cyane uburyo bwo gukoresha no kubika ingero zimpinduka zihuse mubihe biri hejuru kandi ubushyuhe buke. Ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma no kwemeza ikizamini cyo kurangiza ibikoresho. Ikizamini cy'ingirakamaro mu kizamini gisanzwe ku cyiciro cy'umusaruro, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe kirashobora no gukoreshwa mu kizamini cyo gusuzuma ibibazo by’ibidukikije, urugero ni ikizamini cy’ingaruka zo hejuru n’ubushyuhe buke, ibyo bikaba byerekana urugero rw’ibizamini bikomeza guhinduranya ubushyuhe bukabije n’ubushyuhe buke ubushyuhe bwo kubikora mugihe gito. Guhura nubushyuhe bwihuse mugihe, gusuzuma ihinduka ryibicuruzwa nimpinduka zihuse zubushyuhe bwibidukikije ni ikizamini cyingirakamaro mugupima isuzuma ryibikoresho byarangiye hamwe nibizamini bisanzwe mubyiciro byakozwe. Rimwe na rimwe, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubibazo bidukikije. Ikizamini cyo kwerekana. Birashobora kuvugwa ko inshuro zikoreshwa mubyumba byo gupima ubushyuhe bwumuriro mugusuzuma no kunoza imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije by’ibikoresho ni ibya kabiri nyuma yo kunyeganyega no gupima ubushyuhe buke kandi buke.