Amakuru

Uburyo budasanzwe bwo gukora, nyuma yikizamini, abaminisitiri basubira mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango barinde ibicuruzwa biri munsi yikizamini

Urusobe runini rwa videwo yo kugenzura, ihujwe no gupima amakuru

Igenzura rya sisitemu yo kubungabunga byikora byibutsa nibibazo bya software ikora

Ibara ryerekana amabara 32-bit igenzura sisitemu E Ethernet E imiyoborere, imikorere ya UCB

Byumwihariko byumuyaga wumye kugirango urinde ibicuruzwa biri kugeragezwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwihuse bitewe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru

Inganda zifite ubuhehere buke 20 ℃ / 10% ubushobozi bwo kugenzura

Bifite ibikoresho byogutanga amazi byikora, sisitemu yo kuyungurura amazi meza nibikorwa byo kwibutsa amazi

Guhura no gusuzuma ibibazo byibikoresho bya elegitoronike, inzira idafite ubuntu, MIL-STD-2164, MIL-344A-4-16, MIL-2164A-19, NABMAT-9492, GJB-1032-90, GJB / Z34-5.1. 6, IPC -9701 ... nibindi bisabwa byikizamini. Icyitonderwa: Ubushyuhe nubushuhe bwo gukwirakwiza uburyo bumwe bwo gupima bushingiye ku gupima umwanya mwiza wo gupima intera iri hagati yisanduku yimbere na buri ruhande 1/10 (GB5170.18-87)

Mubikorwa byogukora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, usibye guhangayikishwa n amashanyarazi nka voltage numuyoboro wamashanyarazi, guhangayikishwa nibidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, guhindagurika kwa mashini no guhungabana, ubushuhe hamwe nu muti wumunyu, kwivanga mumashanyarazi, nibindi munsi ya Igikorwa cyibibazo byavuzwe haruguru byibidukikije, ibicuruzwa birashobora guhura nibikorwa bitesha agaciro, ibipimo bigenda neza, kwangirika kwibintu, nibindi, cyangwa no gutsindwa.

Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bimaze gukorwa, uhereye kubisuzuma, kubarura, gutwara abantu kubikoresha, no kubibungabunga, byose bigira ingaruka kubibazo by’ibidukikije, bigatuma ibintu bifatika, imiti, imashini n’amashanyarazi byibicuruzwa bihinduka ubudahwema. Inzira yo guhinduka irashobora gutinda cyangwa Inzibacyuho, biterwa rwose nubwoko bwibibazo bidukikije nubunini bwikibazo.

Ubushyuhe buhoraho-bwerekana ubushyuhe bwibisubizo byibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike iyo ikora cyangwa ibitswe mubushuhe runaka. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibisubizo burenze imipaka ibicuruzwa bishobora kwihanganira, ibicuruzwa ntibishobora gukora murwego rwerekanwe rwamashanyarazi rwateganijwe, rushobora gutuma ibikoresho byibicuruzwa byoroha kandi bigahinduka cyangwa bikagabanya imikorere yimikorere, cyangwa bikanatwika bitewe gushyuha. Kubicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bihura nubushyuhe bwo hejuru muriki gihe. Guhangayikishwa, ubushyuhe bwinshi burenze urugero birashobora gutera ibicuruzwa kunanirwa mugihe gito cyibikorwa; iyo ubushyuhe bwo gusubiza butarenze igipimo cyibipimo byubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa, ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwa leta zihoraho zigaragarira mubikorwa byigihe kirekire. Ingaruka yigihe itera ibikoresho byibicuruzwa gusaza buhoro buhoro, kandi ibipimo byamashanyarazi bigenda byoroha cyangwa bikennye, amaherezo bigatuma ibicuruzwa byananirana. Kubicuruzwa, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe muriki gihe nubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa leta bwibasiwe nibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bituruka ku bushyuhe bw’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa n'ubushyuhe buturuka ku gukoresha ingufu zayo. Kurugero, kubera kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwo gutemba bwibikoresho, ubushyuhe bwibigize buzarenga urugero rwo hejuru rwubushyuhe bwemewe. Ibigize ubushyuhe bwinshi. Stress: Mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyakazi gikora cyubushyuhe bwibidukikije, ibicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire. Ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike burashobora kugenwa no gutera intambwe yo gupima ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike munsi yubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire birashobora gusuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini byubuzima buhoraho (kwihuta kwubushyuhe).

Guhindura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bivuze ko mugihe ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike biri mubihe byubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwagura ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibikoresho bikora byibicuruzwa, isura yibikoresho ihura nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buterwa nihindagurika ryubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse cyane, ibicuruzwa birashobora guhita biturika bikananirana kubintu bifatika. Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa byatewe nubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije; iyo ihindagurika ryubushyuhe ritinze cyane, ingaruka zo guhindura ubushyuhe bugaragarira mugihe kirekire Imigaragarire yibintu ikomeje guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro buterwa nihindagurika ryubushyuhe, kandi kwangirika kwa mikoro bishobora kugaragara mubice bimwe na bimwe bya micro. Ibi byangiritse bigenda byegeranya buhoro buhoro, amaherezo biganisha ku bicuruzwa bifatika byo gucamo cyangwa kumena igihombo. Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa bihura nubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire. Impungenge zitandukanye cyangwa ubushyuhe bwamagare. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bihanganira bituruka kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwibidukikije aho ibicuruzwa biherereye hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya. Kurugero, iyo wimutse uva mumazu ashyushye ukajya hanze ikonje, munsi yimirasire yizuba ikomeye, imvura itunguranye cyangwa kwibizwa mumazi, ubushyuhe bwihuse buva mubutaka bugera ku butumburuke bwindege, akazi gahoraho mugihe gikonje, izuba riva kandi izuba ryinyuma mumwanya Mugihe habaye impinduka, kugurisha kugurisha no gukora moderi ya microcircuit, ibicuruzwa byatewe nubushyuhe bukabije; ibikoresho biterwa nimpinduka zigihe cyubushyuhe bwikirere, imiterere yakazi rimwe na rimwe, ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwimikorere ya sisitemu yibikoresho ubwabyo, hamwe nimpinduka mubikoresho byitumanaho byita amajwi. Mugihe habaye ihindagurika mukoresha ingufu, ibicuruzwa biterwa nubushyuhe bwo gusiganwa ku magare. Ikizamini cyo gutwika amashyuza kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma guhangana n’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki iyo bihuye n’imihindagurikire ikabije y’ubushyuhe, kandi ikizamini cy’ubushyuhe gishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bikora igihe kirekire bitewe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke. .

2. Guhangayikishwa na mashini

Imyitozo yubukorikori bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike ikubiyemo ubwoko butatu bwo guhangayika: kunyeganyega kwa mashini, guhungabana gukanika, no kwihuta guhoraho (imbaraga za centrifugal).

Guhangayikishwa no gukanika imashini bivuga ubwoko bwimyitozo ngororamubiri iterwa nibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bisubiranamo hafi yuburinganire buringaniye nimbaraga zidukikije zituruka hanze. Kunyeganyezwa kwa mashini bishyirwa mubikorwa byinyeganyeza byubusa, kunyeganyega ku gahato, no kwishima ubwabyo ukurikije ibitera; ukurikije amategeko yimikorere yo kunyeganyeza imashini, hariho kunyeganyega kwa sinusoidal no kunyeganyega bidasanzwe. Ubu buryo bubiri bwo kunyeganyega bufite imbaraga zitandukanye zo gusenya kubicuruzwa, mugihe byanyuma birasenya. Kinini, kubwibyo byinshi byo gusuzuma ibizamini byerekana ibizamini bitunguranye. Ingaruka zo guhindagurika kwa mashini kubicuruzwa bya elegitoronike zirimo guhindura ibicuruzwa, kunama, gucamo, kuvunika, nibindi biterwa no kunyeganyega. Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyo kunyeganyega bizatera ibikoresho byububiko byubatswe kubera umunaniro no kunanirwa kunaniza; niba bibaye Resonance itera kunanirwa gukabije kunanirwa, bigatera kwangirika muburyo bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Guhangayikishwa no gukanika ibicuruzwa biva mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bituruka ku mutwaro wa mashini w’ibidukikije bikora, nko kuzunguruka, guhindagurika, kunyeganyega hamwe n’indi mizigo y’ibidukikije y’indege, ibinyabiziga, amato, ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere hamwe n’ubukanishi bw’ubutaka, cyane cyane iyo ibicuruzwa bitwarwa. muburyo budakora Kandi nkibikoresho byashizwe mumodoka cyangwa ikirere gikora mugihe gikora, byanze bikunze kwihanganira imihangayiko yo kunyeganyega. Ikizamini cyo guhindagura imashini (cyane cyane ikizamini cyo kunyeganyega kidasanzwe) kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma imiterere yibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bihindagurika bikoreshwa mugihe gikora.

Guhangayikishwa no gukanika imashini bivuga ubwoko bwimikorere yubukorikori buterwa nubufatanye bumwe butaziguye hagati yibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike nibindi bintu (cyangwa ibice) byakozwe nimbaraga z’ibidukikije byo hanze, bikavamo impinduka zitunguranye imbaraga, kwimuka, umuvuduko cyangwa kwihuta kwa ibicuruzwa mukanya Mugihe cyibikorwa byingaruka ziterwa nubukanishi, ibicuruzwa birashobora kurekura no guhererekanya ingufu zitari nke mugihe gito cyane, bigatera kwangirika cyane kubicuruzwa, nko gutera ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bidakora neza, guhita bifungura / bigufi, hamwe no gucika no kuvunika yimiterere ya paki yubatswe, nibindi. Bitandukanye no kwangirika kwatewe nigikorwa cyigihe kirekire cyo kunyeganyega, kwangirika kwimashini kubicuruzwa bigaragarira nkurekura ingufu. Ubunini bwikizamini cyo gukanika ni kinini kandi impanuka ya pulse igihe ni gito. Agaciro keza gatera ibicuruzwa kwangirika nimpamvu nyamukuru. Ikiringo ni milisegonda nkeya gusa kugeza kuri milisekondi, hamwe no kunyeganyega nyuma yimitsi nyamukuru ibora vuba. Ubunini bwiyi mihangayiko ihungabana bigenwa nihuta ryihuta nigihe cyo guhungabana. Ubunini bwihuta bwimpanuka bugaragaza ubunini bwingaruka zingaruka zikoreshwa kubicuruzwa, kandi ingaruka zigihe cyigihe cyo guhungabana ku bicuruzwa bifitanye isano ninshuro karemano yibicuruzwa. bifitanye isano. Guhangayikishwa n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bituruka ku mpinduka zikomeye z’imiterere y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ibikoresho, nko gufata feri byihutirwa n’ingaruka z’ibinyabiziga, indege n’ibitonyanga by’indege, umuriro w’imbunda, ibisasu biturika, ibisasu bya kirimbuzi, ibisasu, nibindi Ingaruka za mashini, imbaraga zitunguranye cyangwa kugenda gutunguranye biterwa no gupakira no gupakurura, gutwara cyangwa imirimo yo mumurima nabyo bizatuma ibicuruzwa bihanganira ingaruka zubukanishi. Ikizamini cyo gukanika imashini gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane uburyo ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bihinduka (nk'imiterere y'umuzunguruko) ku buryo budasubirwaho imashini zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukoresha no gutwara.

Kwihuta kwihuta (centrifugal force) guhangayikishwa nubwoko bwimbaraga za centrifugal zatewe no guhora uhindura icyerekezo cyerekezo cyikinyabiziga mugihe ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bikorera mubitwara. Imbaraga za Centrifugal nimbaraga zidasanzwe zidafite imbaraga, zituma ibintu bizunguruka kure yikizunguruka. Imbaraga za centrifugal nimbaraga za centripetal zingana mubunini kandi bitandukanye mubyerekezo. Iyo imbaraga za centripetal zakozwe nimbaraga ziva hanze hanyuma zerekejwe hagati yumuzingi zizimira, ikintu kizunguruka ntikizongera kuzunguruka Ahubwo, kiguruka kigana icyerekezo gifatika cyinzira izunguruka muriki gihe, kandi ibicuruzwa byangiritse kuri uyu mwanya. Ingano yingufu za centrifugal ifitanye isano na misa, umuvuduko wo kugenda no kwihuta (radiyo yo kuzunguruka) yikintu cyimuka. Kubikoresho bya elegitoronike bidasudwa neza, ibintu bigize ibice biguruka kubera gutandukanya ingingo zagurishijwe bizabaho hakoreshejwe imbaraga za centrifugal. Ibicuruzwa byarananiranye. Imbaraga za centrifugal ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bitwara biva muburyo bukomeza guhindura imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho biganisha ku cyerekezo, nk'ibinyabiziga bigenda, indege, roketi, hamwe no guhindura icyerekezo, ku buryo ibikoresho bya elegitoronike n'ibice by'imbere bigomba kwihanganira imbaraga za centrifugal uretse uburemere. Igihe cyo gukina kiva kumasegonda make kugeza kuminota mike. Gufata roketi nk'urugero, iyo icyerekezo cyo guhindura icyerekezo kirangiye, imbaraga za centrifugal zirazimira, kandi imbaraga za centrifugal zongera guhinduka kandi zongera gukora, zishobora gukora imbaraga zigihe kirekire zikomeza centrifugal. Ikizamini cyihuta gihoraho (centrifugal test) kirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma imbaraga zuburyo bwo gusudira bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, cyane cyane ibice binini byububiko.

3. Guhangayika

Guhangayikishwa nubushuhe bivuga guhangayikishwa nubushuhe ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bihanganira iyo bikorera mubidukikije hamwe nubushuhe runaka. Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike byumva neza ubuhehere. Iyo ubushuhe bugereranije bwibidukikije burenze 30% RH, ibikoresho byicyuma cyibicuruzwa birashobora kwangirika, kandi ibipimo byamashanyarazi birashobora kugenda cyangwa bikennye. Kurugero, mugihe cyigihe kirekire-cyinshi cyubushuhe, imikorere yimikorere yibikoresho bigabanya kugabanuka nyuma yo kwinjizwa nubushuhe, bigatera imiyoboro migufi cyangwa amashanyarazi menshi; vugana nibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nk'amacomeka, socket, nibindi, bikunda kwangirika mugihe ubushuhe bufatanye hejuru, bikavamo firime ya oxyde, Yongera imbaraga zo guhangana nigikoresho cyitumanaho, bizatuma umuziki uhagarikwa mubihe bikomeye. ; ahantu h'ubushuhe bukabije, igihu cyangwa imyuka y'amazi bizatera ibishashi mugihe imikoranire ya relay ikora kandi ntigishobora gukora; imashanyarazi ya semiconductor yunvikana cyane numwuka wamazi, iyo chip yo mumazi ya chip yo mumazi kugirango hirindwe ko ibikoresho bya elegitoronike byangirika numwuka wamazi, hakoreshwa tekinoloji yo gupakira ibintu kugirango ibashe gutandukanya ibice byumwuka hanze n’umwanda. Guhangayikishwa nubushuhe ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bitwara bituruka ku butumburuke buri hejuru y’ibikoresho bifatanye aho bukorera ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’ibikoresho ndetse n’ubushuhe bwinjira mu bice. Ingano yumuvuduko ukabije ujyanye nurwego rwubushuhe bwibidukikije. Uturere two mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’igihugu cyanjye ni uturere dufite ubuhehere bwinshi, cyane cyane mu gihe cyizuba nizuba, iyo ubuhehere bugereranije bugera hejuru ya 90% RH, ingaruka zubushuhe nikibazo kitakwirindwa. Guhuza n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugira ngo bikoreshwe cyangwa bibitswe mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi birashobora gusuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini by’ubushyuhe buhoraho hamwe n’ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubushuhe.

4. Guhangayikishwa n'umunyu

Guhangayikishwa n'umunyu bivuga guhangayikishwa n'umunyu hejuru yibikoresho iyo ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bikorera ahantu hatatanye ikirere kigizwe n'umunyu urimo udutonyanga duto. Igicu cyumunyu muri rusange gikomoka ku bidukikije byo mu nyanja n’ibidukikije by’ikiyaga cy’umunyu. Ibigize byingenzi ni NaCl hamwe numwuka wamazi. Kubaho kwa Na + na Cl- ion nintandaro yo kwangirika kwibyuma. Iyo spray yumunyu ifatanye nubuso bwa insulator, bizagabanya ubukana bwayo, kandi nyuma yuko insulirateri imaze gufata igisubizo cyumunyu, ubukana bwacyo buzagabanuka kuri ordre 4 yubunini; iyo spray yumunyu ifatanye hejuru yibice byimashini zigenda, biziyongera kubera kubyara ruswa. Niba coefficente yo guterana yiyongereye, ibice byimuka bishobora no gukomera; nubwo ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga bifunga ikirere kugira ngo birinde kwangirika kwa chipi ya semiconductor, pin yo hanze y’ibikoresho bya elegitoronike byanze bikunze izabura imikorere yayo kubera kwangirika kwa spray; Ruswa kuri PCB irashobora kwizunguruka-mugufi yegeranye. Umunyu utera umunyu ushimangira ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bituruka kumiti yumunyu mwikirere. Mu turere two ku nkombe, amato, n'amato, ikirere kirimo umunyu mwinshi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gupakira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango byihute kwangirika kwa paki ya elegitoronike kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwo kurwanya umunyu.

5. Guhangayikishwa na electronique

Guhangayikishwa na electromagnetique bivuga imbaraga za electromagnetiki ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike bitwara mumashanyarazi ya electronique ya magnetiki yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi na magneti. Umwanya wa electromagnetique urimo ibintu bibiri: umurima wamashanyarazi numurima wa magneti, kandi ibiranga bigaragazwa nimbaraga zumuriro wamashanyarazi E (cyangwa kwimura amashanyarazi D) hamwe na magnetiki flux yuzuye B (cyangwa imbaraga za magnetique H). Mu murima wa electromagnetic, umurima w'amashanyarazi hamwe na magnetiki bifitanye isano ya hafi. Umwanya w'amashanyarazi uhindagurika bizatera umurima wa magneti, kandi umwanya wa magnetiki uhinduranya umwanya bizatera umurima w'amashanyarazi. Kwishima hagati yumuriro wamashanyarazi numurima wa magnetique bitera kugenda kwumurima wa electromagnetique gukora umuraba wa electronique. Imirasire ya electromagnetique irashobora gukwirakwiza yonyine muri vacuum cyangwa ibintu. Amashanyarazi na magnetiki biranyeganyega mugice kandi biratandukanye. Zimuka muburyo bwumuraba mumwanya. Umuriro w'amashanyarazi ugenda, umurima wa magneti, hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza ni perpendicular kuri mugenzi we. Umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya electronique muri vacuum ni umuvuduko wumucyo (3 × 10 ^ 8m / s). Mubisanzwe, imiyoboro ya electromagnetique ihangayikishijwe no kwivanga kwa electronique ni radiyo na microwave. Iyo inshuro nyinshi yumurongo wa electromagnetique, niko ubushobozi bwimirasire ya electronique. Kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki, kwivanga kwa electromagnetic (EMI) yumurima wa electromagnetic nicyo kintu nyamukuru kigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi (EMC) yibigize. Inkomoko ya electromagnetic yivanga ituruka kubufatanye hagati yimbere yimbere yibigize ibikoresho bya elegitoronike no kuvanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo hanze. Irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere n'imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Kurugero, niba ibice bya magnetiki byimbere ya moderi ya DC / DC itera imbaraga za electromagnetic kwivanga mubikoresho bya elegitoronike, bizagira ingaruka kumasoko ya ripple voltage ibipimo; Ingaruka z'imirasire ya radiyo ku bicuruzwa bya elegitoronike izinjira mu buryo butaziguye imbere yimbere binyuze mu gicuruzwa, cyangwa ihindurwe mu myitwarire yo gutotezwa no kwinjira mu bicuruzwa. Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya anti-electromagnetic ubushobozi bwibikoresho bya elegitoronike birashobora gusuzumwa hifashishijwe ikizamini cyo guhuza amashanyarazi na electroniki ya magnetiki hafi yumurima wo gusikana.