Amakuru

Mu igeragezwa rya buri munsi, usibye ibipimo nyabyo byibikoresho ubwabyo, wigeze utekereza ingaruka zo gupima ingano yicyitegererezo kubisubizo byikizamini? Iyi ngingo izahuza ibipimo nibibazo byihariye kugirango itange ibitekerezo kubijyanye no gupima ingano y'ibikoresho bimwe bisanzwe.

1.Ni kangahe ikosa ryo gupima ingano yicyitegererezo rigira ingaruka kubisubizo?

Ubwa mbere, burya binini ni ikosa rifitanye isano n'ikosa. Kurugero, kubwikosa rimwe 0.1mm, kubunini bwa 10mm, ikosa ni 1%, naho kubunini bwa 1mm, ikosa ni 10%;

Icya kabiri, ni bangahe ingano igira ku bisubizo. Kuburyo bwo kugonda imbaraga zo kubara, ubugari bugira ingaruka-yambere yingaruka kubisubizo, mugihe ubunini bugira ingaruka ya kabiri-itondekanya kubisubizo. Iyo ikosa rifitanye isano ari rimwe, ubunini bugira ingaruka nini kubisubizo.
Kurugero, ubugari busanzwe nubunini bwikigereranyo cyo kugonda ni 10mm na 4mm, naho modulus yunamye ni 8956MPa. Iyo ingano yicyitegererezo nyayo yinjijwe, ubugari nubugari ni 9,90mm na 3.90mm, modulus yunamye iba 9741MPa, kwiyongera hafi 9%.

2.Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mubikoresho bisanzwe bipima urugero?

Ibikoresho bipima ibipimo bisanzwe muri iki gihe ni micrometero, kaliperi, ibipimo by'ubugari, n'ibindi.

Urwego rwa micrometero zisanzwe ntirurenza 30mm, imyanzuro ni 1μm, kandi ikosa ntarengwa ryerekana ni ± (2 ~ 4) μm. Ikemurwa rya micrometrike-yuzuye irashobora kugera kuri 0.1 mm, kandi ikosa ntarengwa ryerekana ni ± 0.5μm.

Micrometero ifite imbaraga zububiko zipima agaciro, kandi buri gipimo gishobora kubona ibisubizo byo gupimwa kumiterere yimbaraga zihoraho, zikwiranye no gupima ibipimo byibikoresho bikomeye.

Ibipimo byo gupima bisanzwe bisanzwe ntibishobora kurenza 300mm, bifite imiterere ya 0.01mm hamwe nikosa ntarengwa ryerekana ± 0.02 ~ 0.05mm. Calipers zimwe nini zishobora kugera ku ntera ya 1000mm, ariko ikosa naryo riziyongera.

Ingufu zifatika agaciro ka caliper ziterwa nigikorwa cyumukoresha. Ibisubizo byo gupima umuntu umwe muri rusange birahagaze, kandi hazabaho itandukaniro runaka hagati y ibisubizo byo gupima abantu batandukanye. Irakwiriye gupimwa ibipimo byibikoresho bikomeye no gupima ibipimo bimwe binini binini binini.

Urugendo, ubunyangamugayo, hamwe no gukemura igipimo cy'ubugari muri rusange bisa nibya micrometero. Ibi bikoresho kandi bitanga igitutu gihoraho, ariko igitutu kirashobora guhinduka muguhindura umutwaro hejuru. Mubisanzwe, ibyo bikoresho birakwiriye gupima ibikoresho byoroshye.

3.Ni gute wahitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gupima urugero?

Urufunguzo rwo guhitamo ibikoresho bipima ibipimo ni ukureba ko ibisubizo byikigereranyo kandi bisubirwamo cyane bishobora kuboneka. Ikintu cya mbere tugomba gusuzuma ni ibipimo fatizo: intera nukuri. Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima urugero nka micrometero na Calipers ni ibikoresho byo gupima. Kubishusho bidasanzwe cyangwa byoroheje byintangarugero, tugomba nanone gutekereza ku miterere yimiterere ya probe nimbaraga zo guhuza. Mubyukuri, ibipimo byinshi byashyize imbere ibisabwa bijyanye nibikoresho bipima ibipimo: ISO 16012: 2015 iteganya ko kubice byatewe inshinge, micrometero cyangwa ibipimo bya micrometero bishobora gukoreshwa mugupima ubugari nubunini bwikigereranyo cyatewe; kubigereranyo byakozwe, kaliperi nibikoresho byo gupima bidahuza nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa. Kubipimo bipima ibipimo bya <10mm, ubunyangamugayo bugomba kuba muri ± 0.02mm, naho kubipimo byo gupima ibipimo bya ≥10mm, ibisabwa ni ± 0.1mm. GB / T 6342 iteganya uburyo bwo gupima ibipimo bya plastiki na rubber. Kubitegererezo bimwe, micrometero na kaliperi biremewe, ariko gukoresha micrometero na kaliperi birateganijwe rwose kugirango wirinde icyitegererezo gikorerwa imbaraga nini, bikavamo ibisubizo byo gupima bidakwiye. Mubyongeyeho, kuburugero rufite umubyimba uri munsi ya 10mm, urwego rusanzwe rusaba kandi gukoresha micrometero, ariko rukaba rusabwa cyane kubibazo byo guhura, ni 100 ± 10Pa.

GB / T 2941 yerekana uburyo bwo gupima ibipimo bya reberi. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kuburugero rufite umubyimba uri munsi ya 30mm, igipimo cyerekana ko imiterere ya probe ari ikizunguruka kizengurutse ikirenge gifite diameter ya 2mm ~ 10mm. Kuburugero rufite ubukana bwa ≥35 IRHD, umutwaro washyizweho ni 22 ± 5kPa, naho kuburugero rufite ubukana buri munsi ya 35 IRHD, umutwaro washyizweho ni 10 ± 2kPa.

4.Ni ibihe bikoresho byo gupima bishobora gusabwa ibikoresho bimwe bisanzwe?

A. Kubigereranyo bya plastike ya tensile, birasabwa gukoresha micrometero kugirango bipime ubugari n'ubugari;

B. Kubigero byerekana ingaruka, micrometero cyangwa igipimo cy'ubugari gifite uburebure bwa 1μm kirashobora gukoreshwa mugupima, ariko radiyo ya arc hepfo yubushakashatsi ntigomba kurenga 0,10mm;

C. Kuburugero rwa firime, igipimo cyubugari gifite imyanzuro irenze 1μm birasabwa gupima ubunini;

D. Kubigereranyo bya reberi, urugero rwubugari burasabwa gupima ubunini, ariko hagomba kwitabwaho agace ka probe n'umutwaro;

E. Kubikoresho byoroheje byifuro, igipimo cyabugenewe cyagenewe gupima ubunini.

5. Usibye guhitamo ibikoresho, ni ibihe bindi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gupima ibipimo?

Umwanya wo gupima ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba gufatwa kugirango ugaragaze ingano nyayo yikigereranyo.

Kurugero, kubitera inshinge zacuramye zigoramye, hazaba umushinga wimpande zitarenze 1 ° kuruhande rwumugongo, bityo ikosa riri hagati yubunini ntarengwa nubunini bushobora kugera kuri 0.14mm.

Byongeye kandi, inshinge zahinduwe ziteganijwe zizagira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi hazabaho itandukaniro rinini hagati yo gupima hagati no kumpera yikigereranyo, bityo ibipimo bijyanye nabyo bizagaragaza aho bapimye. Kurugero, ISO 178 isaba ko umwanya wo gupima ubugari bwikigereranyo ari ± 0.5mm uhereye kumurongo wubugari, naho umwanya wo gupima uburebure ni ± 3.25mm uvuye kumurongo w'ubugari.

Usibye kwemeza ko ibipimo byapimwe neza, hagomba no kwitabwaho kugirango hirindwe amakosa yatewe namakosa yinjiza abantu.