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Yakasarudzika maitiro ekushanda, mushure mekuyedzwa, iyo kabati inodzokera kukamuri tembiricha kuchengetedza chigadzirwa pasi pekuyedzwa

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Kudzora system kugadzirisa otomatiki chiyeuchidzo uye kukanganisa kesi software dhizaini basa

Ruvara skrini 32-bit control system E Ethernet E manejimendi, UCB data yekuwana basa

Yakanyanya kugadzirwa yakaoma air purge kuchengetedza chigadzirwa chiri pasi pekuyedzwa kubva nekukurumidza kuchinja kwekushisa nekuda kwekudzika kwepasi

Indasitiri yakaderera humidity range 20 ℃/10% kudzora kugona

Yakashongedzerwa neotomatiki yekupa mvura system, yakachena mvura kusefa system uye kushomeka kwemvura yekuyeuchidza basa

Sangana nekunetseka kutariswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa, lead-isina maitiro, MIL-STD-2164, MIL-344A-4-16, MIL-2164A-19, NABMAT-9492, GJB-1032-90, GJB/Z34-5.1. 6, IPC -9701...uye zvimwe zvinodiwa bvunzo. Ongorora: Tembiricha uye humidity kugovera kufanana bvunzo nzira yakavakirwa pane inoshanda nzvimbo kuyerwa kwechinhambwe pakati pebhokisi remukati nedivi rega rega 1/10 (GB5170.18-87)

Mukushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kuwedzera kune kushushikana kwemagetsi senge voltage uye ikozvino yemagetsi, kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza kunosanganisirawo kupisa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha kutenderera, mechanical vibration uye kuvhunduka, humidity uye salt spray, electromagnetic field interference, etc. chiito cheyakataurwa pamusoro pekushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza, chigadzirwa chinogona kusangana nekuderedzwa kwekuita, parameter kudhiraivha, corrosion yezvinhu, nezvimwe, kana kutadza.

Mushure mekunge zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvagadzirwa, kubva pakuongorora, kuverenga, chekufambisa kushandisa, uye kugadzirisa, zvese zvinokanganiswa nekushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti chimiro chemuviri, chemakemikari, chemagetsi uye chemagetsi chechigadzirwa chirambe chichichinja. Iyo shanduko yekuchinja inogona kunonoka kana Kupfupika, zvinoenderana zvachose nerudzi rwekushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza uye hukuru hwekushushikana.

Kudzikama-tembiricha kushushikana kunoreva kudziya kwekupindura kwechigadzirwa chemagetsi kana chichishanda kana kuchengetwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekushisa. Kana tembiricha yekupindura ichidarika muganho wekuti chigadzirwa chinogona kumira, icho chigadzirwa hachizokwanisa kushanda mukati meyakatsanangurwa yemagetsi parameter renji, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti chigadzirwa chipfave nekukanganisa kana kudzikisira kuita kwekudzivirira, kana kutopisa. kusvika pakupisa. Nokuda kwechigadzirwa, chigadzirwa chacho chinoratidzwa nekupisa kwepamusoro panguva ino. Kushungurudzika, kutonhora kwepamusoro-kushungurudzika kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwechigadzirwa munguva pfupi yekuita; kana tembiricha yekupindura isingapfuure yakatarwa tembiricha yekushanda kwechigadzirwa, mhedzisiro yekutsiga-yemamiriro tembiricha kusagadzikana inoratidzwa mumhedzisiro yenguva refu yekuita. Mhedzisiro yenguva inoita kuti chigadzirwa chichembera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye magetsi ekuita maparamendi ari kudonha kana kushata, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvatungamira mukutadza kwechigadzirwa. Nokuda kwechigadzirwa, kushushikana kwekushisa panguva ino ndiko kushushikana kwekushisa kwenguva refu. Iyo yakatsiga-yemamiriro tembiricha kushushikana kunowanikwa nezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kunobva kune ambient tembiricha mutoro pachigadzirwa uye kupisa kunogadzirwa nekushandisa kwayo simba. Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekukundikana kwegadziriro yekupisa kupisa uye kupisa kwepamusoro-kupisa kuyerera kwechigadzirwa, kutonhora kwechikamu kuchapfuura muganhu wepamusoro wekushisa kunobvumirwa. Chikamu chacho chinoratidzwa nekupisa kwepamusoro. Kushungurudzika: Pasi penguva yakareba yakagadzikana yekushanda yemamiriro ekushisa ekuchengetedza nzvimbo, chigadzirwa chinotakura kushushikana kwenguva refu kwekushisa. Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha yekudzivirira yekudzivirira kugona kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi inogona kutariswa nekukwira yakanyanya tembiricha yekubikira bvunzo, uye hupenyu hwesevhisi yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi pasi petembiricha yenguva refu inogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nekutsiga-mamiriro ehupenyu bvunzo (yepamusoro tembiricha yekuwedzera).

Kuchinja kushushikana kwekushisa kunoreva kuti kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri mumamiriro ekushisa ekuchinja, nekuda kwekusiyana kweiyo tembiricha yekuwedzera coefficients yezvinhu zvinoshanda zvechigadzirwa, iyo interface yezvinhu inoiswa mukushushikana kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwekushisa. Kana tembiricha ichichinja zvakanyanya, chigadzirwa chinogona kuputika ipapo nekutadza pane iyo interface. Panguva ino, chigadzirwa chinoiswa pasi pekuchinja kwekushisa overstress kana kupisa kwekushisa kunetseka; apo kushanduka kwekushisa kunenge kunonoka, mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwekushisa kwekushisa inoratidzwa kwenguva yakareba Iyo interface yezvinhu inoramba ichimira kushushikana kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwekushisa, uye kukuvadza kwe micro-cracking kunogona kuitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo duku. Kukuvadzwa uku kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, kuchizopedzisira kwatungamira kune chigadzirwa chekushandisa interface kupaza kana kutyora kurasikirwa. Panguva ino, chigadzirwa chinoratidzwa nekupisa kwenguva refu. Variable stress kana tembiricha bhasikoro kushushikana. Iko kushanduka kwekushisa kushungurudza izvo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinotsungirira zvinobva mukushanduka kwekushisa kwenzvimbo iyo chigadzirwa chiripo uye chayo chekuchinja mamiriro. Semuenzaniso, kana uchifamba kubva muimba inodziya ichienda kune kunze kunotonhora, pasi pemwaranzi yakasimba yezuva, mvura yakangoerekana yanaya kana kunyudzwa mumvura, kupisa kwekukurumidza kushanduka kubva pasi kusvika pakakwirira kwendege, kushanda kwepakati munzvimbo inotonhora, zuva rinobuda uye kumashure kwezuva munzvimbo Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuchinja, reflow soldering uye rework ye microcircuit modules, chigadzirwa chacho chinoiswa pasi pekushisa kwekushisa kunetseka; iyo midziyo inokonzerwa nekuchinja nguva nenguva mukupisa kwemamiriro ekunze ekunze, kupindirana kwemamiriro ekushanda, shanduko yekushisa kwekushanda kweiyo michina system pachayo, uye shanduko mumidziyo yekutaurirana kufona vhoriyamu. Panyaya yekuchinja kwekushandiswa kwesimba, chigadzirwa chinoiswa pasi pekunetseka kwekutenderera bhasikoro. Iyo thermal shock bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuramba kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kana paine shanduko huru yetembiricha, uye tembiricha yekutenderera bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuchinjika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kushanda kwenguva yakareba pasi pekuchinjana kwepamusoro uye kwakaderera tembiricha mamiriro. .

2. Mechanical stress

Iyo mechanic stress yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi inosanganisira matatu marudzi ekushushikana: mechanical vibration, mechanical shock, uye inogara ichikwira (centrifugal force).

Mechanical vibration stress inoreva rudzi rwekushushikana kwemagetsi kunogadzirwa nemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvinodzokorora zvakatenderedza imwe nzvimbo yakaenzana pasi pechiito chezvakatipoteredza masimba ekunze. Mechanical vibration inorongedzerwa kuita yemahara vibration, kudzungudza kwekumanikidzirwa, uye wega-excited vibration zvinoenderana nezvinokonzeresa; maererano nemutemo wekufamba we mechanical vibration, kune sinusoidal vibration uye random vibration. Aya maitiro maviri ekudengenyeka ane masimba akasiyana anoparadza pachigadzirwa, nepo ekupedzisira achiparadza. Yakakura, saka yakawanda ye vibration bvunzo yekuongorora inotora isingaite vibration bvunzo. Iko kukanganiswa kwemechanic vibration pane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kunosanganisira deformation yechigadzirwa, kukotama, kuputika, kuputsika, nezvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekudengenyeka. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi pasi penguva yakareba vibration kushushikana zvinokonzeresa kuti zvimiro zvemukati zviparare nekuda kwekuneta uye kutadza kuneta kwemagetsi; kana ikaitika Resonance inotungamira kune-kushushikana kwekupwanya kukundikana, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwepakarepo kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Iyo mechanic vibration stress yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi inobva kumechanical load yenzvimbo yekushanda, senge kutenderera, pulsation, oscillation uye mamwe magadzirirwo emamiriro ekunze endege, mota, ngarava, mota dzemuchadenga uye zvimiro zvepasi, kunyanya kana chigadzirwa chichitakurwa. muhurumende isiri kushanda Uye sechikamu chemotokari-yakaiswa kana mhepo inoshandiswa pasi pemamiriro ekushanda, hazvidzivisiki kumira mechanical vibration stress. Mechanical vibration bvunzo (kunyanya random vibration bvunzo) inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuchinjika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kudzokororo mechanical vibration panguva yekushanda.

Mechanical shock stress inoreva rudzi rwekushushikana kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwakananga pakati pechigadzirwa chemagetsi uye chimwe chinhu (kana chikamu) pasi pekuita kwekunze kwemasimba emamiriro ekunze, zvichikonzera shanduko yekukamwe musimba, kutamiswa, kukurumidza kana kukurumidza kwesimba. Chigadzirwa nekukasira Pasi pekuita kwemechanic kukanganisa kushushikana, chigadzirwa chinogona kuburitsa uye kuendesa simba rakawanda munguva pfupi pfupi, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kuchigadzirwa, sekukonzera kusashanda kwemagetsi chigadzirwa, ipapo. rakavhurika / pfupi dunhu, uye kutsemuka uye kutsemuka kweakaungana pasuru chimiro, nezvimwe. Yakasiyana nekukuvadzwa kwekuwedzera kunokonzerwa nekuita kwenguva refu kwekuzunguza, kukuvadzwa kwekuvhundutsa kwemuchina kune chigadzirwa kunoratidzwa seyakanyanya kuburitswa kwesimba. Hukuru hweiyo mechanical shock test ihombe uye iyo shock pulse nguva ipfupi. Kukosha kwepamusoro kunokonzera kukanganisa kwechigadzirwa ndiyo huru pulse. Nguva yenguva ingori mashoma mamilliseconds kusvika kumakumi emamilliseconds, uye vibration mushure meiyo main pulse inoora nekukurumidza. Hukuru hweiyi mechanical shock stress inotarwa nepeak acceleration uye nguva yeshock pulse. Hukuru hwekukwirisa kwepamusoro hunoratidza ukuru hwesimba rekukanganisa rinoshandiswa kuchigadzirwa, uye kukanganisa kwenguva yekuvhundutsa kupuruzira pachigadzirwa kune hukama nekuwanda kwechigadzirwa chechigadzirwa. zvinoenderana. Iyo mechanical shock stress iyo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinotakura zvinobva mukushanduka kwakasimba kwemuchina wemagetsi emidziyo nemidziyo, senge emergency braking uye kukanganisa kwemotokari, airdrops uye madonhwe endege, artillery moto, kuputika kwesimba remakemikari, kuputika kwenyukireya, kuputika, etc. Mechanical impact, simba rinoerekana kana kufamba kamwe kamwe kunokonzerwa nekutakura nekuturunura, chekufambisa kana basa remumunda kuchaitawo kuti chigadzirwa chirambe chichimira. Iyo mechanical shock bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuchinjika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi (senge zvimiro zvedunhu) kune zvisingadzokororwe zvinokatyamadza zvinokatyamadza panguva yekushandiswa uye yekufambisa.

Constant acceleration (centrifugal force) stress inoreva rudzi rwe centrifugal force inogadzirwa nekuramba kushanduka kwenzira yekufamba kwemutakuri kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviri kushanda pane chinotakura chinofamba. Centrifugal force is a virtual inertial force, inochengeta chinhu chinotenderera kubva pakati pekutenderera. The centrifugal force necentripetal force zvakaenzana muhukuru uye zvakapesana munzira. Kana iyo centripetal simba inoumbwa neinobuda simba rekunze uye yakanangidzirwa pakati pedenderedzwa yanyangarika, chinhu chinotenderera hachichatenderera panzvimbo pacho, chinobhururuka chichienda kunze nenzira ine tangential yekutenderera track panguva ino, uye chigadzirwa chinokuvadzwa nguva ino. Saizi ye centrifugal force inodyidzana nehukuru, kukurumidza kufamba uye kukurumidza (radius of rotation) yechinhu chinofamba. Kune zvikamu zvemagetsi zvisina kusungirirwa zvakasimba, chiitiko chezvikamu zvinobhururuka zvichienda nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwezvibatanidza zvekutengesa zvichaitika pasi pechiito che centrifugal force. Chigadzirwa chakundikana. Simba recentrifugal rinotakurwa nezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi rinobva kumamiriro ekushanda anoramba achichinja emidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo munzira yekufamba, senge mota dzinomhanya, ndege, maroketi, uye kushandura mafambiro, kuitira kuti midziyo yemagetsi nemukati memukati zvikwanise kumira centrifugal simba. kunze kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Nguva yekutamba inotangira pamasekonzi mashoma kusvika pamaminitsi mashoma. Kutora roketi semuenzaniso, kana kushanduka kwekutungamira kwapera, simba re centrifugal rinonyangarika, uye simba re centrifugal rinoshanduka zvakare uye rinoita zvakare, iro rinogona kuumba simba renguva refu rinopfuurira centrifugal. Constant acceleration bvunzo (centrifugal bvunzo) inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kusimba kweiyo welding chimiro chezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kunyanya hombe-vhoriyamu pamusoro pegomo zvinhu.

3. Kushungurudzika kwehunyoro

Kushushikana kwehunyoro kunoreva kushushikana kwemwando uko zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinotsungirira kana uchishanda munzvimbo yemhepo ine humwe hunyoro. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinonzwa zvakanyanya kune humidity. Kana humwe hunyoro hwenharaunda hwapfuura 30% RH, zvinhu zvesimbi zvechigadzirwa zvinogona kuita ngura, uye maparamendi ekushanda kwemagetsi anogona kukukurwa kana kuve murombo. Semuenzaniso, pasi penguva refu-yakanyanya humidity mamiriro, iyo insulation performance ye insulating zvinhu inoderera mushure mekutora unyoro, zvichikonzera mapfupi maseketi kana akakwira-voltage magetsi emagetsi; kubata zvinhu zvemagetsi, zvakaita semapulagi, zvigadziko, nezvimwewo, zvinokonzeresa corrosion kana hunyoro hwakanamirwa pamusoro, zvichikonzera oxide film, Iyo inowedzera kushorwa kweiyo yekubata mudziyo, izvo zvichaita kuti dunhu rivharwe mumatambudziko akaomarara. ; munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakanyanya, mhute kana mhute yemvura inokonzeresa sparks kana relay contacts dzaitwa uye dzisingachagone kushanda; semiconductor machipisi anonyanya kunzwa kune mhute yemvura, kana iyo chip pamusoro pemvura mhute Kuti udzivise zvinhu zvemagetsi kubva pakusvibiswa nemhute yemvura, encapsulation kana hermetic packaging tekinoroji inogamuchirwa kuparadzanisa zvikamu kubva kunze kwemhepo uye kusvibiswa. Kushungurudzika kwehunyoro kunotakurwa nezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kunobva kune hunyoro huri pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasungirirwa munzvimbo yekushanda yemidziyo yemagetsi nemidziyo uye hunyoro hunopinda mukati mezvikamu. Hukuru hwehunyoro hwekushushikana hunoenderana nehuwandu hwehunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze. Nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwemahombekombe enyika yangu inzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya, kunyanya muchirimo nezhizha, apo hunyoro hunosvika pamusoro pe90% RH, pesvedzero yekunyorova idambudziko risingadzivisiki. Iko kuchinjika kwezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kuti zvishandiswe kana kuchengetedza pasi pehunyoro hwakanyanya hunyoro hunogona kuongororwa kuburikidza neyakagadzika-inonyoro nyoro yekupisa bvunzo uye humidity kuramba bvunzo.

4. Kushungurudzika kwemunyu

Kupfapfaidza munyu kunoreva kupfapfaidza kwemunyu kuri pamusoro pechinhu kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinoshanda munzvimbo inopararira nemhepo inoumbwa netumwe tudonhwe twemunyu. Mhute yemunyu inowanzobva kumamiriro ekunze emugungwa uye nemhoteredzo yemamiriro ekunze egungwa remunyu. Zvikamu zvaro zvikuru NaCl uye mhute yemvura. Kuvepo kweNa+ neC-ions ndicho chinokonzera kuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi. Kana iyo munyu yakapfapfaidza inonamatira pamusoro peiyo insulator, inoderedza kushorwa kwayo kwepamusoro, uye mushure mekunge iyo insulator inotora munyu, vhoriyamu yayo kuramba inoderera ne4 mirairo yehukuru; apo iyo munyu yakapfapfaidza inonamatira kumusoro kweiyo inofamba mechanical zvikamu, ichawedzera nekuda kwechizvarwa chekuora. Kana iyo friction coefficient ichiwedzerwa, zvikamu zvinofamba zvinogona kutomira; kunyange zvazvo encapsulation uye air-sealing tekinoroji inotambirwa kudzivirira kukora kwe semiconductor machipisi, mapini ekunze emidziyo yemagetsi anozogara achirasikirwa nebasa rawo nekuda kwekuora kwemunyu kupfapfaidza; Corrosion paPCB inogona kupfupika-inotenderera wiring. Iyo munyu yekupfapfaidza inoshungurudza iyo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinobva kupfapfaidzo yemunyu mumhepo. Munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, ngarava, uye ngarava, mhepo yakapoteredza pasi ine munyu wakawanda, uyo une tapuro yakakomba pakurongedzerwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi. Iyo munyu yekupfapfaidza bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kumhanyisa kukora kwepakeji yemagetsi kuti uongorore kuchinjika kweiyo munyu yekupfapfaidza kuramba.

5. Electromagnetic stress

Electromagnetic stress inoreva kushushikana kwemagetsi uko chigadzirwa chemagetsi chinotakura mumunda wemagetsi ekuchinjanisa magetsi nemagineti. Electromagnetic field inosanganisira zvinhu zviviri: electric field uye magnetic field, uye hunhu hwayo hunomiririrwa nemagetsi emunda simba E (kana electric displacement D) uye magineti flux density B (kana magineti simba reH) zvichiteerana. Mumunda wemagetsi, munda wemagetsi uye magineti zvine hukama. Iyo nguva-yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi munda ichakonzera iyo magineti, uye nguva-inosiyana-siyana yemagineti ichakonzera iyo yemagetsi munda. Iko kukwikwidzana kwendima yemagetsi uye magineti inokonzera kufamba kwenzvimbo yemagetsi kuumba electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic waves anogona kupararira ega muvacuum kana nyaya. Magetsi uye magineti minda oscillate muchikamu uye ari perpendicular kune mumwe nemumwe. Dzinofamba muchimiro chemasaisai muchadenga. Iyo inofamba yemagetsi munda, magineti, uye nzira yekuparadzira inotenderera kune imwe neimwe. Kumhanya kwekuparadzira kwemafungu emagetsi muvacuum ndiko kumhanya kwechiedza (3 × 10 ^ 8m/s). Kazhinji, mafungu emagetsi ane chekuita nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi mafungu eredhiyo uye microwaves. Kukwirisa kuwanda kwemafungu emagetsi, ndiko kuwedzera kugona kwemwaranzi yemagetsi. Kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi chikamu, electromagnetic interference (EMI) yenzvimbo yemagetsi ndiyo inonyanya kukanganisa kuenderana kwemagetsi (EMC) yechikamu. Iyi electromagnetic kupindira sosi inobva mukupindirana pakati pezvinhu zvemukati zvechikamu chemagetsi uye kukanganisa kwekunze kwemagetsi emidziyo. Inogona kunge ine kukanganisa kwakakomba pakuita uye mabasa emagetsi ezvikamu. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo yemukati magineti zvikamu zveDC/DC simba module zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwemagetsi kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuburitsa ripple voltage paramita; kukanganiswa kweredhiyo frequency radiation pane zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinopinda zvakananga mukati medunhu kuburikidza neganda rechigadzirwa, kana kushandurwa kuita Kuita kushungurudza uye kupinda muchigadzirwa. Iyo anti-electromagnetic kupindira kugona kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvinogona kuongororwa kuburikidza nemagetsi kuenderana bvunzo uye magetsi emagetsi padhuze-munda scanning yekuona.