Iindaba

Uvavanyo lokuthembeka kokusiNgqongileyo-Ukubola kobushushu beGumbi loVavanyo lweThermal Shock ePhezulu nePhantsi

Zininzi iintlobo zovavanyo lokuthembeka kokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa uvavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu, uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi, uvavanyo lokutshintsha ubushushu obumanzi nobushushu, uvavanyo lomjikelo oludibeneyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma okudityanisiweyo, ubushushu obungaguqukiyo kunye novavanyo lokufuma, uvavanyo lokutshintsha ubushushu obukhawulezayo, kunye novavanyo lokothuka kwe-thermal. Okulandelayo, siya kucalula imisebenzi yovavanyo lomntu ngamnye kuwe.

1 "Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu: Luvavanyo lokuthembeka olulinganisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bemveliso ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukudibanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu lukwaluvavanyo lobomi olukhawulezileyo lwexesha elide. Injongo yovavanyo lobushushu obuphezulu kukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kogcino, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo zomkhosi kunye nezoluntu kunye neendawo ezigcinwe kwaye zisetyenzwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zobushushu. Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezinto kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Umda wenjongo ephambili ibandakanya iimveliso zombane kunye ne-elektroniki, kunye nezixhobo zabo zokuqala, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuqina kovavanyo kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu neliphantsi kunye nexesha lokuvavanya okuqhubekayo. Ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokuphantsi kunokubangela ukuba imveliso igqithise, ichaphazele ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokusetyenziswa, okanye umonakalo;

I-2 ″ Uvavanyo lobushushu obuphantsi: Injongo kukukhangela ukuba iqhekeza lovavanyo linokugcinwa kwaye lisetyenziswe kwindawo yexesha elide lobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokumisela ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo zomkhosi kunye nezoluntu kwindawo yokugcina kunye nokusebenza phantsi kwe-low-. iimeko zobushushu. Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezixhobo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Umgangatho uneenkcukacha zokusetyenzwa kovavanyo lwangaphambili, uvavanyo lokuqala lovavanyo, ukufakwa kwesampulu, uvavanyo oluphakathi, ukusetyenzwa kwasemva kovavanyo, isantya sokufudumeza, iimeko zokulayishwa kwekhabhathi yobushushu, kunye nobungakanani bomthamo wento yovavanyo kwikhabhathi yobushushu, njl. ukungaphumeleli kwesiqwenga sovavanyo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi Imo: Amalungu kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimveliso zinokuqhekeka, zixutywe, zibambeke kwindawo eshukumayo, kwaye zitshintshwe kwiimpawu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi;

3, Uvavanyo lokutshintsha ubushushu obumanzi: kubandakanya uvavanyo lobushushu obumanzi kunye novavanyo lobushushu obumanzi. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakamileyo neliphantsi litshintshisa uvavanyo lobushushu obumanzi luyimfuneko yovavanyo kwiinkalo zeenqwelomoya, iimoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, uphando lwezenzululwazi, njl. ubushushu okanye uvavanyo rhoqo zombane, zombane, kunye nezinye iimveliso kunye nemathiriyeli. Iiparamitha ezitshintshileyo kunye nokusebenza. Umzekelo umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukufuma okwahlukileyo kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo, kunye neemveliso ezidlula kwiindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nokufuma ngexesha lothutho. Oku kutshintshana kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi bemveliso, kwaye kukhawulezise ukuguga kwemveliso. Ukuba kule meko ixesha elide, imveliso kufuneka ibe nokuchasana okwaneleyo ekutshintsheni ubushushu kunye nomswakama;

I-4 "Ubushushu kunye nokufuma okudityanisiweyo kovavanyo lomjikelo: Veza isampuli kwiqondo lokushisa elimiselweyo kunye nokufuma okungenye indawo yokuvavanya ukuvavanya iimpawu zokusebenza zesampulu emva kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okanye ukugcinwa kwindawo yokushisa kunye nokufuma. Indawo yokugcina kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso inobushushu obuthile kunye nomswakama, kwaye ihlala iguquka. Umzekelo umahluko wobushushu phakathi kwemini nobusuku, ukufuma okwahlukileyo kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye namaxesha ahlukeneyo, kunye neemveliso ezidlula kwiindawo ezinamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nokufuma ngexesha lothutho. Oku kutshintshana kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma kuya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nobomi bemveliso, kwaye kukhawulezise ukuguga kwemveliso. Umjikelo wobushushu kunye nokufuma ulinganisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwendawo yokugcina imveliso kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye ukhangele ukuba impembelelo yemveliso emva kwexesha elithile kule meko ikuluhlu olwamkelekileyo. Ikakhulu kwisixhobo kunye nemathiriyeli yemitha, ubunjineli bombane, iimveliso zombane, izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zemoto kunye nezithuthuthu, iikhemikhali zokugquma, iimveliso ze-aerospace, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinxulumene nemveliso;

5 ″ Uvavanyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma rhoqo: izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuvavanya izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhathisa ubushushu, ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nokoma, kunye nokuxhathisa ukufuma. Ifanelekile ukuvavanya umgangatho weemveliso ezifana ne-electronics, izixhobo zombane, iifowuni eziphathwayo, unxibelelwano, iimitha, izithuthi, iimveliso zeplastiki, isinyithi, ukutya, iikhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, unyango, i-aerospace, njl. ubushushu obuphantsi, kunye nemekobume efumileyo ukuvavanya ubushushu bemveliso yovavanyo kwindawo ethile kunye novavanyo lokufuma. Uvavanyo rhoqo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kunokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso evavanyiweyo iphantsi kobushushu obufanayo kunye nokufuma okusingqongileyo;

I-6 "Uvavanyo lokutshintsha kobushushu okukhawulezayo: lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-elektroniki kunye nombane, isithuthi, unyango, izixhobo, i-petrochemical kunye namanye amasimi, oomatshini abapheleleyo, amacandelo, ukupakishwa, izixhobo, ukuvavanya ukugcinwa okanye ukuguquguquka komsebenzi weemveliso phantsi kotshintsho lobushushu. Injongo yovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso kukukhangela ukuba ngaba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho efanelekileyo; uvavanyo lokuphucula ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka ukuziqhelanisa imveliso phantsi kweemeko utshintsho lobushushu, kunye novavanyo olukhawulezayo lotshintsho lobushushu isetyenziselwa ukumisela utshintsho olukhawulezayo imveliso kumaqondo aphezulu kunye namaqondo aphantsi Ukuguquguquka kokugcinwa, ukuthutha, kunye sebenzisa kwindawo yemozulu eyahlukileyo. Inkqubo yovavanyo ngokubanzi ithatha ubushushu begumbi → ubushushu obuphantsi → ubushushu obuphantsi buhlala → ubushushu obuphezulu → ubushushu obuphezulu buhlala → ubushushu obuqhelekileyo njengomjikelo wovavanyo. Qinisekisa iimpawu ezisebenzayo zesampulu emva kokutshintsha kobushushu okanye ubushushu obuqhubekayo bume, okanye ukusebenza kokusebenza kule meko. Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lokutshintsha ubushushu ngokuqhelekileyo luchazwa njengeqondo lokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa ≥ 3℃ / min, kwaye utshintsho lwenziwa phakathi kokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokushisa okuphantsi. Ukukhawuleza kweqondo lokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu, ubukhulu bomgangatho ophezulu / ophantsi wobushushu, kwaye ixesha elide, uvavanyo lungqongqo. Ukothuka kobushushu ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaphazela iindawo ezikufutshane nomphezulu wangaphandle wesixhobo. Ukude ukusuka kumphezulu wangaphandle, iqondo lokushisa licotha kwaye isiphumo singabonakali. Iibhokisi zezothutho, ukupakishwa, njl.njl nazo ziya kunciphisa impembelelo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwizixhobo ezivaliweyo. Ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa ngokukhawuleza kunokuchaphazela okwethutyana okanye ixesha elide ukusebenza kwesixhobo;

7“Uvavanyo lokothuka kwengqele kunye nobushushu: ikakhulu kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki, iinxalenye zoomatshini, kunye namalungu emoto. Uvavanyo lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal luqinisekisa ubukhulu becala iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweesampuli phantsi kweenguqu ezikhawulezayo kwiimeko eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi. Luvavanyo lovavanyo kunye novavanyo lokuvunywa kokugqitywa koyilo lwezixhobo. Uvavanyo oluyimfuneko kuvavanyo lwesiqhelo kwinqanaba lemveliso, kwezinye iimeko lunokusetyenziselwa uvavanyo lovavanyo loxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo, oko kukuthi uvavanyo lwempembelelo ephezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, obuveza isampula yovavanyo kwindawo eqhubekayo etshintshanayo yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi. ubushushu ukwenza ngexesha elifutshane. Ukufumana utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuvavanya ukuguquguquka kweemveliso kutshintsho olukhawulezayo kwiqondo lobushushu le-ambient luvavanyo oluyimfuneko kuvavanyo lovavanyo lokugqitywa koyilo lwezixhobo kunye novavanyo lwesiqhelo kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ibhetshi. Kwezinye iimeko, ingasetyenziselwa uxinzelelo lwendalo. Uvavanyo lokuhlola. Kunokuthiwa ukuphindaphinda kokusetyenziswa kwegumbi lokuvavanya ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal ekuqinisekiseni nasekuphuculeni ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kwesixhobo okwesibini kuphela kwi-vibration kunye novavanyo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi.