Iindaba

Igumbi lovavanyo lokuguga le-UV lolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo zovavanyo lokufota ezilinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Isenokuphinda ivelise umonakalo owenziwe yimvula nombethe. Isixhobo sivavanywa ngokuveza izinto eziza kuvavanywa kumjikelo olawulwayo wokusebenzisana wokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma kunye nokunyusa ubushushu. Isixhobo sisebenzisa izibane ze-ultraviolet fluorescent ukulinganisa ilanga, kwaye ziyakwazi ukulinganisa umphumo wokufuma ngokudibanisa okanye ukutshiza.

Kuthatha nje iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa ukuba isixhobo sivelise umonakalo othatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuba ube ngaphandle. Umonakalo ikakhulu ubandakanya ukuguquguquka kwemibala, ukuguquguquka kwemibala, ukuncipha kokukhanya, ukucolwa, ukuqhekeka, ukufiphala, ukuqina, ukuncipha kwamandla, kunye ne-oxidation. Idatha yovavanyo enikezelwa sisixhobo inokuba luncedo ekukhetheni izinto ezintsha, ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezikhoyo, okanye ukuvavanya utshintsho lokwakheka okuchaphazela ukuqina kweemveliso. Isixhobo sinokuqikelela utshintsho oluya kudibana nemveliso ngaphandle.

Nangona i-UV ibala kuphela i-5% yokukhanya kwelanga, yeyona nto iphambili eyenza ukuqina kweemveliso zangaphandle kwehle. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-photochemical reaction yokukhanya kwelanga inyuka ngokuhla kwe-wavelength. Ngoko ke, xa ulinganisa umonakalo wokukhanya kwelanga kwiipropati ezibonakalayo zezinto eziphathekayo, akuyimfuneko ukuvelisa i-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, udinga kuphela ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwe-UV yamaza amafutshane. Isizathu sokuba isibane se-UV sisetyenziswe kuvavanyo lwemozulu olukhawulezileyo lwe-UV kukuba zizinzile ngakumbi kunezinye iityhubhu kwaye zinokuvelisa iziphumo zovavanyo ngcono. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulinganisa isiphumo sokukhanya kwelanga kwiipropathi ezibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa izibane ze-UV ze-fluorescent, ezifana nokuhla kokukhanya, ukuqhekeka, ukuxobula, njalo njalo. Kukho izibane ezahlukeneyo ze-UV ezikhoyo. Uninzi lwezi zibane ze-UV zivelisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okungabonakali kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared. Iiyantlukwano eziphambili zezibane zibonakaliswa kumahluko kumandla e-UV ewonke aveliswe kuluhlu lwazo lwamaza. Izibane ezahlukeneyo ziya kuvelisa iziphumo zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona ndawo ingqongileyo yesicelo sokuvezwa inokwazisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-UV ekufuneka sikhethwe.

I-UVA-340, olona khetho lubalaseleyo lokulinganisa imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet

I-UVA-340 inokulinganisa i-spectrum yelanga kuluhlu olubalulekileyo lwamaza amaza amaza, oko kukuthi, i-spectrum enoluhlu lwamaza angama-295-360nm. I-UVA-340 inokuvelisa kuphela i-spectrum yobude be-UV obunokufumaneka ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

I-UVB-313 yovavanyo oluphezulu lokukhawulezisa

I-UVB-313 inokubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ngokukhawuleza. Basebenzisa ii-UVs ezimfutshane ezinamandla kunezo zifumaneka emhlabeni namhlanje. Nangona ezi zibane ze-UV zinde kakhulu kunamaza endalo zinokulukhawulezisa uvavanyo ngowona mgangatho mkhulu, ziya kubangela umonakalo ongangqinelaniyo kunye nowokwenyani wokuthotywa kwezixhobo ezithile.

Umgangatho uchaza isibane se-ultraviolet se-fluorescent kunye nokukhutshwa okungaphantsi kwe-300nm ngaphantsi kwe-2% yamandla okukhanya okuphumayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa isibane se-UV-A; isibane se-ultraviolet esine-fluorescent esinamandla akhutshwayo angaphantsi kwe-300nm sikhulu kune-10% yamandla okukhanya aphumayo, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba sisibane se-UV-B;

Uluhlu lwe-UV-A luyi-315-400nm, kunye ne-UV-B yi-280-315nm;

Ixesha lezinto ezivezwe kukufuma ngaphandle kunokufikelela kwiiyure ezili-12 ngosuku. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba esona sizathu sokufuma kwangaphandle ngumbethe, hayi imvula. Umvavanyi we-UV okhawulezileyo wokumelana nemozulu ulinganisa isiphumo sokufuma ngaphandle ngothotho lwemigaqo ekhethekileyo yokudibanisa. Kumjikelo we-condensation wezixhobo, kukho itanki yokugcina amanzi ephantsi kwebhokisi kwaye ishushu ukuvelisa umphunga wamanzi. I-steam eshushu igcina ukufuma okuhambelanayo kwigumbi lokuvavanya kwipesenti ze-100 kwaye igcina ubushushu obuphezulu. Imveliso yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampuli yovavanyo ngokwenene yenza i-sidewall yegumbi lovavanyo ukuze umva weqhekeza lovavanyo ubonakale kumoya ongaphakathi ngaphakathi. Umphumo wokupholisa womoya wangaphakathi ubangela ukuba ubushushu bomphezulu wesiqwenga sovavanyo lwehle ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kweqondo lobushushu bomphunga. Inkangeleko yalo mahluko weqondo lobushushu ikhokelela kumanzi angamanzi avelisiweyo ngokujiya phezu komphezulu wesampulu ngexesha lomjikelo wonke wokujiya. Le condensate ngamanzi ezinzile kakhulu ahlanjululwe distilled. Amanzi ahlambulukileyo aphucula ukuphindaphinda kovavanyo kwaye agweme ingxaki yokungcola kwamanzi.