Iindaba

Kuvavanyo lwemihla ngemihla, ukongeza kwiiparamitha zokuchaneka kwezixhobo ngokwazo, ngaba ukhe waqwalasela impembelelo yomlinganiselo wesampulu kwiziphumo zovavanyo? Eli nqaku liza kudibanisa imigangatho kunye namatyala athile ukunika iingcebiso malunga nokulinganisa ubungakanani bezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo.

1.Ingakanani impazamo yokulinganisa ubungakanani besampulu ichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo?

Okokuqala, inkulu kangakanani impazamo ehambelanayo ebangelwa yimpazamo. Ngokomzekelo, ngenxa yephutha elifanayo le-0.1mm, ubungakanani be-10mm, iphutha li-1%, kunye nobukhulu be-1mm, iphutha li-10%;

Okwesibini, ingakanani impembelelo enayo ubungakanani kwisiphumo. Kwifomula yokubala amandla okugoba, ububanzi bunesiphumo somyalelo wokuqala kwisiphumo, ngelixa ubukhulu bunesiphumo somyalelo wesibini kwisiphumo. Xa impazamo yesihlobo ifana, ubukhulu bunempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo.
Umzekelo, ububanzi obuqhelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bomzekelo wovavanyo lokugoba yi-10mm kunye ne-4mm ngokulandelelanayo, kunye nemodyuli yokugoba yi-8956MPa. Xa ubungakanani besampulu eyiyo igalelo, ububanzi kunye nobukhulu buyi-9.90mm kunye ne-3.90mm ngokulandelelana, imodyuli yokugoba iba yi-9741MPa, ukwanda malunga ne-9%.

2.Yintoni ukusebenza kwesixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokulinganisa ubungakanani bomzekelo?

Ezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo zokulinganisa ubungakanani okwangoku zizii-micrometers, iicaliper, iigeji zokungqimba, njl.

Uluhlu lwee-micrometers eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi aludluli kwi-30mm, isisombululo yi-1μm, kwaye impazamo enkulu yesalathiso imalunga ±(2~4)μm. Isisombululo se-micrometers esichanekileyo sinokufikelela kwi-0.1μm, kwaye impazamo enkulu yesalathiso yi-± 0.5μm.

I-micrometer inexabiso elakhelwe ngaphakathi kwixabiso lamandla okulinganisa rhoqo, kwaye umlinganiselo ngamnye unokufumana umphumo wokulinganisa phantsi kweemeko zoqhagamshelwano olusisigxina, olulungele ukulinganisa ubungakanani bezinto ezinzima.

Uluhlu lokulinganisa lwe-caliper yesiqhelo alukho ngaphezu kwe-300mm, kunye nesisombululo se-0.01mm kunye nephutha elikhulu elibonisayo malunga ne-± 0.02 ~ 0.05mm. Ezinye iicalipers ezinkulu zinokufikelela kuluhlu lokulinganisa lwe-1000mm, kodwa impazamo nayo iya kwanda.

Ixabiso le-clamping force ye-caliper lixhomekeke ekusebenzeni komsebenzisi. Iziphumo zokulinganisa zomntu ofanayo zihlala zizinzile, kwaye kuya kubakho umahluko othile phakathi kweziphumo zokulinganisa abantu abahlukeneyo. Ilungele umlinganiselo wemilinganiselo yezinto ezinzima kunye nomlinganiselo we-dimensional wezinye izinto ezinobungakanani obukhulu obuthambileyo.

Ukuhamba, ukuchaneka, kunye nokusonjululwa kwegeyiji yobunzima buqhelekile bufana nezo ze-micrometer. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngoxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, kodwa uxinzelelo lunokutshintshwa ngokutshintsha umthwalo phezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zifanelekile ukulinganisa izinto ezithambileyo.

3.Ungakhetha njani isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokulinganisa ubungakanani bomzekelo?

Undoqo ekukhetheni isixhobo sokulinganisa esine-dimensional kukuqinisekisa ukuba ummeli kunye neziphumo zovavanyo eziphindaphindwayo zinokufumaneka. Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyiqwalasele yiparameters ezisisiseko: uluhlu kunye nokuchaneka. Ukongeza, izixhobo zokulinganisa eziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengee-micrometers kunye neecaliper zizixhobo zokulinganisa uqhagamshelwano. Kwezinye iimilo ezikhethekileyo okanye iisampulu ezithambileyo, kufuneka kwakhona siqwalasele ifuthe lemilo yeprobe kunye namandla oqhagamshelwano. Enyanisweni, imigangatho emininzi ibeke phambili iimfuno ezihambelanayo zesixhobo sokulinganisa i-dimensional: ISO 16012:2015 imisela ukuba ii-splines ezibunjiweyo zesitofu, ii-micrometers okanye iigeji zobukhulu be-micrometer zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu beesampulu ezibunjiweyo zesitofu; iisampulu zoomatshini, iikhalipha kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezingaqhagamshelwanga nazo zingasetyenziswa. Ukufumana iziphumo zokulinganisa ubukhulu be-<10mm, ukuchaneka kufuneka kube ngaphakathi kwe-± 0.02mm, kunye neziphumo zemilinganiselo ye-dimensional ye-≥10mm, imfuno yokuchaneka ngu-± 0.1mm. I-GB/T 6342 ichaza indlela yokulinganisa idimensional yeeplastiki ezinogwebu kunye nerabha. Kwezinye iisampuli, i-micrometers kunye ne-calipers zivumelekile, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwee-micrometers kunye nee-calipers kumiselwe ngokungqongqo ukuphepha isampuli ephantsi kwemikhosi emikhulu, okubangelwa iziphumo zokulinganisa ezingachanekanga. Ukongezelela, kwiisampuli ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10mm, umgangatho uncoma ukusetyenziswa kwe-micrometer, kodwa ineemfuno eziqinileyo zoxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano, oluyi-100±10Pa.

I-GB/T 2941 ichaza indlela yokulinganisa idimensional yeesampuli zerabha. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iisampulu ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-30mm, umgangatho uchaza ukuba ubume beprobe yi-circular flat pressure foot kunye nobubanzi be-2mm ~ 10mm. Kwiisampuli ezinobunzima be-≥35 IRHD, umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo ngu-22 ± 5kPa, kunye neesampuli ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-35 IRHD, umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo yi-10± 2kPa.

4.Sisiphi isixhobo sokulinganisa esinokucetyiswa kwezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo?

A. Kwimizekelo yeplastiki ye-tensile, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-micrometer ukulinganisa ububanzi kunye nobukhulu;

B. Kwimizekelo yeempembelelo ezinotshini, i-micrometer okanye igeyiji yobukhulu obunesisombululo se-1μm ingasetyenziselwa umlinganiselo, kodwa iradiyasi ye-arc emazantsi eprobe mayingadluli kwi-0.10mm;

C. Kwiisampuli zefilimu, i-gauge yobukhulu kunye nesisombululo esingcono kune-1μm sinconywa ukulinganisa ubukhulu;

D. Kwimizekelo ye-rubber tensile, i-gauge ye-thickness gauge inconywa ukuba ilinganise ubukhulu, kodwa ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindawo ye-probe kunye nomthwalo;

E. Kwimathiriyeli ye-foam encinci, i-gauge yobukhulu obuzinikezeleyo iyacetyiswa ukulinganisa ubukhulu.

5. Ukongeza kukhetho lwezixhobo, zeziphi ezinye izinto ekufuneka zenziwe xa kulinganiswa imilinganiselo?

Indawo yokulinganisa kwezinye iisampulu kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba imele ubukhulu bokwenene bomzekelo.

Umzekelo, kwii-splines ezigobileyo ezibunjiweyo zenaliti, kuya kubakho i-engile eyidrafti engekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 ° kwicala le-spline, ngoko ke impazamo phakathi kowona mgangatho uphezulu kunye nobubanzi obusezantsi bunokufikelela kwi-0.14mm.

Ukongeza, iisampulu ezibunjiweyo zenaliti ziya kuba ne-thermal shrinkage, kwaye kuya kubakho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kokulinganisa phakathi kunye nomda we-specimen, ngoko ke imigangatho efanelekileyo iya kuchaza indawo yokulinganisa. Umzekelo, i-ISO 178 idinga ukuba indawo yokulinganisa yobubanzi bomzekelo yi-± 0.5mm ukusuka kumbindi wobunzima, kwaye indawo yokulinganisa ubukhulu yi-± 3.25mm ukusuka kumbindi wobubanzi.

Ukongeza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imilinganiselo ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo, kufuneka kwakhona kuthatyathwe unonophelo ukuze kuthintelwe iimpazamo ezibangelwa ziimpazamo zokufakwa kwabantu.