Izindaba

Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zemishini, ukuhlola okuqinile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ucwaningo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nentuthuko, njll. Nokho, amanye amaphutha avamile azoba nomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ingabe uyiqaphelile le mininingwane?

1.Inzwa yamandla ayifani nezidingo zokuhlola:

Inzwa yamandla iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-tensile, futhi ukukhetha inzwa yamandla elungile kubalulekile. Amanye amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa: ukungalinganisi inzwa yamandla, ukusebenzisa inzwa yamandla enobubanzi obungafanele, nokuguga inzwa yamandla ukuze kubangele ukwehluleka.

Isixazululo:

Izinto ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa inzwa yamandla efaneleke kakhulu ngokwesampula:

1. Phoqelela ububanzi benzwa:
Nquma ububanzi benzwa yamandla adingekayo ngokusekelwe kumanani aphezulu kanye nobuncane bamandla emiphumela edingekayo kusampula yakho yokuhlola. Isibonelo, kumasampula epulasitiki, uma kokubili amandla aqinile kanye nemodulus kudinga ukulinganiswa, kuyadingeka ukucubungulisisa ububanzi bamandla ale miphumela emibili ukuze ukhethe inzwa yamandla efanelekile.

2. Ukunemba nokunemba kwebanga:

Amazinga avamile wokunemba wezinzwa zamandla angu-0.5 no-1. Ukuthatha i-0.5 njengesibonelo, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi iphutha eliphakeme elivunyelwe uhlelo lokulinganisa lingaphakathi kwe-± 0.5% yenani elibonisiwe, hhayi ± 0.5% wesilinganiso esigcwele. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lokhu.

Isibonelo, ngenzwa ye-force engu-100N, uma ukala inani lamandla angu-1N, ±0.5% yenani elibonisiwe iphutha elingu-±0.005N, kuyilapho u-±0.5% wesilinganiso esigcwele ±0.5N iphutha.
Ukuba nokunemba akusho ukuthi lonke uhla lunokunemba okufanayo. Kufanele kube nomkhawulo ophansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuya ngebanga lokunemba.
Uma sithatha amasistimu okuhlola ahlukene njengesibonelo, izinzwa zamandla ochungechunge lwe-UP2001&UP-2003 zingahlangabezana nokunemba kwezinga elingu-0.5 ukusuka esikalini esigcwele ukuya ku-1/1000 sesikali esigcwele.

I-fixture ayifanele noma umsebenzi awulungile:
I-fixture iyisisetshenziswa esixhuma inzwa yamandla kanye nesifanekiso. Indlela yokukhetha i-fixture izothinta ngokuqondile ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuhlolwa kwe-tensile. Kusukela ekubukeni kokuhlolwa, izinkinga eziyinhloko ezibangelwa ukusebenzisa izinto ezingalungile noma ukusebenza okungalungile ukushelela noma ukuphuka imihlathi.

Ukushelela:

Ukushelela okusobala kakhulu kwesifanekiso isifanekiso esiphuma ku-fixture noma ukushintshashintsha kwamandla okungavamile kwejika. Ukwengeza, kungase futhi kuhlulelwe ngokumaka umaki eduze nendawo yokubamba ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ingabe umugqa womaka ukude yini nendawo yokubamba, noma ingabe lukhona yini uphawu lokuhudula kuphawu lwezinyo lwendawo yokuhlanganisa isampula.

Isixazululo:

Uma ukushelela kutholwa, qala uqinisekise ukuthi i-clamp manual iyaqiniswa yini uma ubamba isampula, noma ngabe umfutho womoya we-pneumatic clamp mkhulu ngokwanele, nokuthi ubude bokubamba besampula banele yini.
Uma kungekho nkinga ngokusebenza, cabanga ukuthi ukukhetha kobuso be-clamp noma i-clamp kufanelekile. Isibonelo, amapuleti ensimbi kufanele ahlolwe ngobuso be-clamp e-serrated esikhundleni sobuso be-clamp obushelelezi, futhi irabha enokuguqulwa okukhulu kufanele isebenzise izinsimbi zokuzikhiya noma ze-pneumatic esikhundleni se-flat-push clamps.

Ukuphuka imihlathi:
Isixazululo:

Imihlathi yesampula iyaphuka, njengoba negama lisho, yephuka endaweni yokubopha. Ngokufana nokushelela, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi yokubamba ku-specimen inkulu kakhulu, noma ngabe i-clamp noma indawo yomhlathi ikhethwe ngokufanele, njll.
Isibonelo, lapho uhlola ukuqina kwezintambo, ukucindezela komoya okweqile kuzobangela ukuba isifanekiso siphuke emihlathini, okuholela ekubeni namandla aphansi kanye nobude; ukuze kuhlolwe ifilimu, imihlathi eboshwe ngenjoloba noma imihlathi exhunywe ngocingo kufanele isetshenziswe esikhundleni semihlathi emisekile ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza isifanekiso futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwefilimu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

3. Ukungahambi kahle kweketango lokulayisha:

Ukuqondanisa kweketango lomthwalo kungaqondakala kalula njengokuthi imigqa emaphakathi yenzwa yamandla, i-fixture, i-adaptha ne-specimen ikumugqa oqondile yini. Ekuhlolweni okuqinile, uma ukuqondaniswa kochungechunge lomthwalo kungekuhle, isampula yokuhlola izofakwa ngaphansi kwamandla engeziwe okuchezuka ngesikhathi sokulayisha, okuholela kumandla angalingani futhi kuthinte ubuqiniso bemiphumela yokuhlola.

Isixazululo:

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukuhlolwa kuqale, ukugxilwa kweketango lomthwalo ngaphandle kwesampula kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kulungiswe. Isikhathi ngasinye isifanekiso siboshiwe, naka ukuvumelana phakathi kwesikhungo sejometri yesampula kanye ne-eksisi yokulayisha yochungechunge lomthwalo. Ungakhetha ububanzi bokugoqa obuseduze nobubanzi be-clamping yesifanekiso, noma ufake isifanekiso sedivayisi yokubeka maphakathi nendawo ukuze usize ukuma futhi uthuthukise ukuphinda ukugoqa.

4. Ukukhetha okungalungile nokusebenza kwemithombo yohlobo:

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizokhubazeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okushubile. Amaphutha avamile esilinganisweni sobunzima (ukuguqulwa) ahlanganisa ukukhetha okungalungile komthombo wokulinganisa ubunzima, ukukhetha okungalungile kwe-extensometer, ukufakwa okungalungile kwe-extensometer, ukulinganiswa okungalungile, njll.

Isixazululo:

Ukukhethwa komthombo wobunzima kususelwa kujometri yesampula, inani lokuguquguquka, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola edingekayo.
Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukukala i-modulus yamapulasitiki nezinsimbi, ukusetshenziswa kokulinganisa kokugudluzwa kwe-beam kuzoholela kumphumela ophansi we-modulus. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukucabangela ubude be-specimen gauge kanye ne-stroke edingekayo ukuze ukhethe i-extensometer efanelekile.

Ngemicu emide ye-foil, izintambo nezinye izibonelo, ukugudluka kwe-boam kungasetshenziswa ukukala ubude bazo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-beam noma i-extensometer, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifreyimu ne-extensometer zilinganiselwa ngaphambi kokwenza uhlolo lwe-tensile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qiniseka ukuthi i-extensometer ifakwe kahle. Akufanele ikhululeke kakhulu, ibangele ukuthi i-extensometer ishelele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, noma iqine kakhulu, okubangele ukuba isifanekiso siphuke ku-extensometer blade.

5.Imvamisa yesampula engafanele:

Imvamisa yamasampula edatha avame ukunganakwa. Imvamisa yesampula ephansi ingase ibangele ukulahleka kwedatha ebalulekile yokuhlola futhi ithinte ubuqiniso bemiphumela. Isibonelo, uma amandla amakhulu eqiniso engaqoqiwe, umphumela wamandla aphezulu uzoba phansi. Uma imvamisa yesampula iphezulu kakhulu, izothathwa kakhulu, okuholela ekubuyeni kwedatha.

Isixazululo:

Khetha imvamisa yesampula efanele ngokuya ngezidingo zokuhlola kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Umthetho ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa imvamisa yesampula engu-50Hz. Kodwa-ke, ngamavelu aguqukayo ngokushesha, imvamisa ephezulu yamasampula kufanele isetshenziselwe ukurekhoda idatha.

6. Amaphutha okulinganisa ubukhulu:

Amaphutha okulinganisa ubukhulu ahlanganisa ukungalinganisi usayizi wesampula wangempela, amaphutha wendawo yokulinganisa, amaphutha ethuluzi lokulinganisa, namaphutha okufaka ubukhulu.

Isixazululo:

Lapho kuhlolwa, usayizi wesampula ojwayelekile akufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqondile, kodwa ukulinganisa kwangempela kufanele kwenziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ukucindezeleka kungase kube phansi kakhulu noma kuphakame kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezihlukene zesifanekiso nobubanzi bosayizi zidinga izingcindezi ezihlukene zoxhumana naye kanye nokunemba kwedivayisi yokulinganisa ubukhulu.

Isifanekiso ngokuvamile sidinga ukulinganisa ubukhulu bezindawo eziningi ukuze bube isilinganiso noma sithathe inani elincane. Naka kakhulu ukurekhoda, ukubala kanye nenqubo yokufaka ukuze ugweme amaphutha. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa idivayisi yokulinganisa ubukhulu obuzenzakalelayo, futhi ubukhulu obulinganisiwe bufakwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusofthiwe futhi kubalwe ngezibalo ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha okusebenza futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola.

7. Iphutha lokusetha isofthiwe:

Ngenxa yokuthi i-hardware ilungile akusho ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ulungile. Izindinganiso ezifanele zezinto ezihlukahlukene zizoba nezincazelo ezithile kanye nemiyalelo yokuhlola yemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Izilungiselelo ku-software kufanele zisekelwe kulezi zincazelo kanye nemiyalelo yenqubo yokuhlola, njengokulayisha kuqala, izinga lokuhlola, ukukhethwa kohlobo lwesibalo nezilungiselelo ezithile zepharamitha.

Ngaphezu kwamaphutha avamile angenhla ahlobene nesistimu yokuhlola, ukulungiswa kwesifanekiso, indawo yokuhlola, njll. nakho kunomthelela obalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-tensile futhi kudinga ukunakwa.